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Tactite Rocks of the Iron Mountain District, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the Easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a Description of a New Lower Miocene Mammalian Fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation

Citation

Jahns, Richard Henry (1943) Tactite Rocks of the Iron Mountain District, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the Easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a Description of a New Lower Miocene Mammalian Fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation. Dissertation (Ph.D.), California Institute of Technology. doi:10.7907/VGB7-WJ85. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12162003-163611

Abstract

Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico:

The pyrometasomatic deposits at Iron Mountain, near the northern end of the Sierra Cuchillo in Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico, have been formed through replacement of calcareous beds of Paleozoic age, generally at or near contacts with intrusive masses of rhyolite, rhyolite porphyry, aplite, and fine-grained granite. The metamorphism is probably mid-Tertiary in age. Its two chief products are (a) light-colored, dense, fine-grained granulites rich in diopside, clinozoisite, bytownite, and other iron-poor silicate minerals, and (b) coarser-grained, dark-colored, iron-rich rocks, called tactites. The spatial and temporal relations of these iron-poor and iron-rich contact rocks, not only to each other but to adjacent igneous bodies and to relatively unmetamorphosed beds, appear to have been determined in a regular and definite manner; this is discussed and illustrated in detail by several examples.

The iron-rich pyrometasomatic deposits contain a large number of unusual minerals. Most remarkable are helvite and at least three other beryllium-bearing silicate minerals, which are known to occur in noteworthy concentrations in only one type of rock, a peculiar rhythmically layered variety of tactite to which the name "ribbon rock" has been given. The structure of such tactite is very conspicuous, and appears in section as thin, finely crenulated bands of magnetite alternating with similar bands of silicate minerals and finely crystalline fluorite. Concentric banding about fluorite-rich pods is common. Bodies of "ribbon rock" vary in size from inch-thick lenses to large masses amounting to thousands of tons; most appear to have formed along contacts between recrystallized limestone and massive magnetite-andradite tactite, chiefly by replacing fluids penetrating the limestone from fractures. The layered structure is interpreted as a diffusion effect.

The formation of massive and "ribbon rock" tactites can be traced through a range of falling temperatures from a stage characterized by deposition from iron-rich vapors to a stage in which hydrothermal solutions were dominant. Both vapors and liquids appear to have been acid, and reducing conditions undoubtedly existed during the latter part of the hydrothermal stage. The occurrence of beryllium in "ribbon rock", but not in typical massive tactite may signify that its compounds in pyrometasomatic deposits are confined to rocks of hydrothermal origin. The occurrence of "ribbon rock" itself is suggested as a potentially useful clue for recognition of beryllium-bearing contact deposits elsewhere; at least two other occurrences of what apparently is "ribbon rock" have been described in the literature.

Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation:

The great thickness of dominantly nonmarine Tertiary strata in the eastern part of the Ventura Basin has impressed geologists since the time of the earliest surveys of the region. The younger of these strata, comprising the so-called Mint Canyon formation, have been eroded to form a great basinlike area in which numerous badland exposures occur (see fig. 1). Erosion has been due principally to the poor consolidation of the sediments and in part also to the rather scant cover of typical Sonoran vegetation. Although several earlier investigators examined these badlands, the first recorded discovery of vertebrate remains came as a result of reconnaissance mapping by Kew in 1919. In the publication that followed, a provisional list of the forms found here was furnished by Stock, although no detailed study of the fauna was made.

Item Type:Thesis (Dissertation (Ph.D.))
Subject Keywords:(Geology) ; Iron Mountain, Sierra Cuchillo, rhyolite, aplite, silicate minerals, tactites
Degree Grantor:California Institute of Technology
Division:Geological and Planetary Sciences
Major Option:Geology
Thesis Availability:Public (worldwide access)
Research Advisor(s):
  • Campbell, Ian (advisor)
  • Buwalda, John P. (advisor)
Thesis Committee:
  • Unknown, Unknown
Defense Date:1 January 1943
Additional Information:Major thesis: Tactite Rocks of the Iron Mountain District, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Minor thesis: Stratigraphy of the Easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a Description of a New Lower Miocene Mammalian Fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation. Supplemental Files Information: Geologic map of Iron Mountain and vicinity, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico: Supplement 1 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Date(s) Collected: 1942. Geologic map of Iron Mountain, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico: Supplement 2 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Date(s) Collected: 1942. Geologic map of lower Discovery Gulch, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico: Supplement 3 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Isometric fence diagram of Lower Discovery Gulch area, Iron Mountain: Supplement 4 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Date(s) Collected: 1942. Geologic map of the West Slope area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico: Supplement 5 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Date(s) Collected: 1942. Geologic map of the Brown area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico: Supplement 6 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Date(s) Collected: 1942. Geologic map of the Jackpot No. 1 area, Iron Mountain, Socorro County, New Mexico: Supplement 7 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Date(s) Collected: 1942. Geologic map of the Scheelemite area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico: Supplement 8 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Date(s) Collected: 1942. Geologic map of the Parker Strike area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico: Supplement 9 from "Tactite rocks of the Iron Mountain district, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico. Stratigraphy of the easternmost Ventura Basin, California, with a description of a new lower Miocene mammalian fauna from the Tick Canyon Formation" (Thesis). Date(s) Collected: 1942/1943.
Record Number:CaltechETD:etd-12162003-163611
Persistent URL:https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12162003-163611
DOI:10.7907/VGB7-WJ85
Related URLs:
URLURL TypeDescription
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/b945CRelated ItemPublished version of Plate 5
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.663DOISupplement 1 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of Iron Mountain and vicinity, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.664DOISupplement 2 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of Iron Mountain, Sierra and Socorro Counties, New Mexico
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.665DOISupplement 3 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of lower Discovery Gulch, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.666DOISupplement 4 in CaltechDATA: Isometric fence diagram of Lower Discovery Gulch area, Iron Mountain
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.667DOISupplement 5 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of the West Slope area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.668DOISupplement 6 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of the Brown area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.669DOISupplement 7 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of the Jackpot No. 1 area, Iron Mountain, Socorro County, New Mexico
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.670DOISupplement 8 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of the Scheelemite area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico
https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.671DOISupplement 9 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of the Parker Strike area, Iron Mountain, Sierra County, New Mexico
Default Usage Policy:No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.
ID Code:5016
Collection:CaltechTHESIS
Deposited By: Imported from ETD-db
Deposited On:09 Jan 2004
Last Modified:10 Nov 2023 17:32

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