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Published June 2001 | Published
Journal Article Open

Structures and proton-pumping strategies of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes

Abstract

Enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain serve as proton pumps, using the energy made available from electron transfer reactions to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane and create an electrochemical gradient used for the production of ATP. The ATP synthase enzyme is reversible and can also serve as a proton pump by coupling ATP hydrolysis to proton translocation. Each of the respiratory enzymes uses a different strategy for performing proton pumping. In this work, the strategies are described and the structural bases for the action of these proteins are discussed in light of recent crystal structures of several respiratory enzymes. The mechanisms and efficiency of proton translocation are also analyzed in terms of the thermodynamics of the substrate transformations catalyzed by these enzymes.

Additional Information

"Reprinted, with permission, from the Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure, Volume 30 copyright 2001 by Annual Reviews, www.annualreviews.org" We would like to thank Tina Iverson for assistance in the preparation of several figures presented in this work and for many helpful discussions.

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