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Published December 20, 2001 | public
Journal Article Open

Demodulation of intensity and shot noise in the optical heterodyne detection of laser interferometers for gravitational waves

Abstract

Demodulation of intensity noise in the optical heterodyne detector is analyzed for application in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. The correlation function and the power spectral density of the demodulated intensity noise are derived, taking into account the effect of bandpass filtering at the photodiode and an arbitrary demodulation waveform. The analysis includes demodulation of the rf-modulated shot noise as a special case of the intensity noise. For shot-noise-limited detection, the signal-to-noise ratio is found as a function of the modulation parameters, and the optimization of the signal-to-noise ratio with respect to the demodulation phase is described.

Additional Information

© 2001 Optical Society of America. Received 15 August 2000; revised manuscript received 27 August 2001. I thank Fred Raab for suggesting the problem that led to this paper and Barry Barish for supporting this research project. I also thank Adrian Ottewill for checking some of the calculations, and Albrecht Rüdiger and Stan Whitcomb for discussions of the nonstationary shot noise. Finally, I thank Karen Gervais, Peter King, and Karen McCue for help during the preparation of this paper. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement PHY-9210038.

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August 21, 2023
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