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Published 1998 | public
Book Section - Chapter Open

Fault-tolerant quantum computers

Abstract

The discovery of quantum error correction has greatly improved the long-term prospects for quantum computing technology. Encoded quantum information can be protected from errors that arise due to uncontrolled interactions with the environment, or due to imperfect implementations of quantum logical operations. Recovery from errors can work effectively even if occasional mistakes occur during the recovery procedure. Furthermore, encoded quantum information can be processed without serious propagation of errors. In principle, an arbitrarily long quantum computation can be performed reliably, provided that the average probability of error per quantum gate is less than a certain critical value, the accuracy threshold. It may be possible to incorporate intrinsic fault tolerance into the design of quantum computing hardware, perhaps by invoking topological Aharonov-Bohm interactions to process quantum information.

Additional Information

This work has been supported in part by DARPA under Grant No. DAAH04-96-1-0386 administered by the Army Research Office, and by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701. I am grateful for helpful conversations and correspondence with Dorit Aharonov, David Beckman, John Cortese, Eric Dennis, David DiVincenzo, Jarah Evslin, Chris Fuchs, Sham Kakade, Alesha Kitaev, Manny Knill, Raymond Laflamme, Andrew Landahl, Seth Lloyd, Michael Nielsen, Walt Ogburn, Peter Shor, Andrew Steane, and Christof Zalka. I especially thank Daniel Gottesman for many fruitful discussions about fault-tolerant quantum computation.

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