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Published December 1, 1980 | public
Journal Article Open

Funnel Flow in Hoppers

Abstract

Detailed observations of funnel flows of dry granular materials in wedge-shaped hoppers of different geometries are presented. The variations of the flow regime with changes in the height of material in the hopper/vertical bin configuration, the width of the vertical bin, the hopper angle and the hopper opening width were investigated and a number of specific flow regimes identified (mass flow and several forms of funnel flow). In the first part of the paper particular attention is paid to the conditions for transition from one flow regime to another; in particular it is shown that the existence of a funnel depends not only on the hopper angle but is also strongly dependent on the geometry of the hopper/bin system. In the second part of the paper the variations in the shape of the funnel near the exit opening are explored in detail.

Additional Information

Contributed by the Applied Mechanics Division for publication in the Journal of Applied Mechanics. Manuscript received by the ASME Applied Mechanics Division, November 1979; final revision April 1980. The authors wish to acknowledge the contribution by Paul Mason who enthusiastically and effectively assisted in the early laboratory work. He is sincerely missed by all of us. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the National Science Foundation for support under Grant No. ENG-7615043 and to Union Carbide Corp. for their continuing interest and financial support.

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August 21, 2023
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