Microfabricated rubber microscope using soft solid immersion lenses
Abstract
We show here a technique of soft lithography to microfabricate efficient solid immersion lenses (SIL) out of rubber elastomers. The light collection efficiency of a lens system is described by its numerical aperture (NA), and is critical for applications as epifluorescence microscopy [B. Herman, Fluorescence Microscopy (BIOS Scientific, Oxford/Springer, United Kingdom, 1998). While most simple lens systems have numerical apertures less than 1, the lenses described here have NA=1.25. Better performance can be engineered though the use of compound designs; we used this principle to make compound solid immersion lenses (NA=1.32). An important application of these lenses will be as integrated optics for microfluidic devices. We incorporated them into a handheld rubber microscope for microfluidic flow cytometry and imaged single E. Coli cells by fluorescence.
Additional Information
©2006 American Institute of Physics. Received 5 November 2005; accepted 6 March 2006; published online 24 April 2006 The authors would like to thank Todd Thorsen and Markus Enzelberger for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the DARPA Chips program and the US National Science Foundation.Files
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 4884
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:GAMapl06
- Created
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2006-09-12Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-08Created from EPrint's last_modified field