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Published August 1999 | Published
Journal Article Open

Reduction criterion for separability

Abstract

We introduce a separability criterion based on the positive map Γ:ρ→(Tr ρ)-ρ, where ρ is a trace-class Hermitian operator. Any separable state is mapped by the tensor product of Γ and the identity into a non-negative operator, which provides a simple necessary condition for separability. This condition is generally not sufficient because it is vulnerable to the dilution of entanglement. In the special case where one subsystem is a quantum bit, Γ reduces to time reversal, so that this separability condition is equivalent to partial transposition. It is therefore also sufficient for 2×2 and 2×3 systems. Finally, a simple connection between this map for two qubits and complex conjugation in the "magic" basis [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 5022 (1997)] is displayed.

Additional Information

©1999 The American Physical Society Received 31 October 1997; revised 14 December 1998 We acknowledge useful discussions with Michal Horodecki. We are also grateful to Chris Fuchs for communicating to us unpublished results of Ref. [13], especially the connection between the map M and the "magic" basis for two qubits. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant Nos. PHY 94-12818 and PHY 94-20470, and by a grant from DARPA/ARO through the QUIC Program (No. DAAH04-96-1-3086).

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