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Published March 1, 1978 | public
Journal Article Open

Granular Material Flow in Two-Dimensional Hoppers

Abstract

The flow and transport of granular media have been of major importance in commerce and industry for a long time; materials such as coal, ore, cement, grain, soap granules, sugar, sand, gravel, etc., flow in hoppers, bins, chutes, rotating drums, and moving bands. The desire to improve such transportation equipment and to reduce the energy expenditure has motivated interest in understanding the fluid mechanics of such bulk flows (Wieghardt [25]1). Though transport, heat transfer, and other processes are often effected by fluidization we are concerned here with those situations in which the flow takes place with direct physical contact between the grains. Indeed the simplest situation is that in which the interstitial fluid (usually air) has a negligible effect on the equations of motion. The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison of experimental data and analysis for the flow of dry granular media through a two-dimensional or wedge-shaped hopper. It will be seen that the analytical solution which begins with the constitutive postulates suggested by Jenike and Shield [9] of (i) intergrain Coulomb friction and (ii) isotropy produces results which are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.

Additional Information

Contributed by the Applied Mechanics Division for publication in the JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS. Department. Manuscript received by ASME Applied Mechanics Division, November, 1976; final revision, July, 1977. The authors are indebted to Professor R. H. Sabersky for his encouragement and advice in this research. We should also like to acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation, Union Carbide Corporation, and the Hughes Aircraft Company who supported James C. Pearce with a Doctoral Fellowship during graduate studies at the California Institute of Technology.

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August 22, 2023
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