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Published November 20, 2007 | Supplemental Material + Published
Journal Article Open

Attosecond electron pulses for 4D diffraction and microscopy

Abstract

In this contribution, we consider the advancement of ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy to cover the attosecond time domain. The concept is centered on the compression of femtosecond electron packets to trains of 15-attosecond pulses by the use of the ponderomotive force in synthesized gratings of optical fields. Such attosecond electron pulses are significantly shorter than those achievable with extreme UV light sources near 25 nm ({approx}50 eV) and have the potential for applications in the visualization of ultrafast electron dynamics, especially of atomic structures, clusters of atoms, and some materials.

Additional Information

© 2007 The National Academy of Sciences of the USA. Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. Contributed by Ahmed H. Zewail, September 27, 2007 (received for review September 12, 2007). Published online before print November 13, 2007, 10.1073/pnas.0709019104. We thank Herman Batelaan for careful reading of the manuscript, Sang Tae Park for independently confirming the simulation results, and Brett Barwick for helpful comments. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Author contributions: P.B. and A.H.Z. performed research and wrote the paper. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0709019104/DC1.

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