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Published July 10, 2008 | Published
Journal Article Open

Implications for the origin of GRB 070201 from LIGO observations

Abbott, B.
Abbott, R. ORCID icon
Adhikari, Rana X. ORCID icon
Agresti, J.
Ajith, P. ORCID icon
Allen, B.
Amin, R.
Anderson, S. B.
Anderson, W. G.
Arain, M.
Araya, M. ORCID icon
Armandula, H.
Ashley, M.
Aston, S.
Aufmuth, P.
Aulbert, C.
Babak, S.
Ballmer, S.
Bantilan, H.
Barish, B. C.
Barker, C.
Barker, D.
Barr, B. W.
Barriga, P.
Barton, M. A.
Bayer, K.
Betzwieser, J.
Beyersdorf, P. T.
Bhawal, B.
Bilenko, I. A.
Billingsley, G. ORCID icon
Biswas, R. ORCID icon
Black, E. D.
Blackburn, K. ORCID icon
Blackburn, L.
Blair, D.
Bland, B.
Bogenstahl, J.
Bogue, L.
Bork, R.
Boschi, V.
Bose, S. ORCID icon
Brady, P. R. ORCID icon
Braginsky, V. B.
Brau, J. E.
Brinkmann, M.
Brooks, A.
Brown, D. A. ORCID icon
Bullington, A.
Bunkowski, A.
Buonanno, A.
Burmeister, O.
Busby, D.
Byer, R. L. ORCID icon
Cadonati, L.
Cagnoli, G.
Camp, J. B.
Cannizzo, J.
Cannon, K.
Cantley, C. A.
Cao, J.
Cardenas, L.
Castaldi, G.
Cepeda, C.
Chalkley, E.
Charlton, P.
Chatterji, S.
Chelkowski, S.
Chen, Y. ORCID icon
Chiadini, F.
Christensen, N.
Clark, J.
Cochrane, P.
Cokelaer, T.
Coldwell, R.
Conte, R.
Cook, D.
Corbitt, T. ORCID icon
Coyne, D. ORCID icon
Creighton, J. D. E. ORCID icon
Croce, R. P.
Crooks, D. R. M.
Cruise, A. M.
Cumming, A.
Dalrymple, J.
D'Ambrosio, E.
Danzmann, K.
Davies, G.
Debra, D.
Degallaix, J.
Degree, M.
Demma, T.
Dergachev, V.
Desai, S.
DeSalvo, R.
Dhurandhar, S.
Díaz, M.
Dickson, J.
Di Credico, A.
Diederichs, G.
Dietz, A.
Doomes, E. E.
Drever, R. W. P.
Dumas, J.-C.
Dupuis, R. J.
Dwyer, J. G.
Ehrens, P.
Espinoza, E.
Etzel, T.
Evans, M.
Evans, T.
Fairhurst, S.
Fan, Y.
Fazi, D.
Fejer, M. M. ORCID icon
Finn, L. S.
Fiumara, V.
Fotopoulos, N.
Franzen, A.
Franzen, K. Y.
Freise, A. ORCID icon
Frey, R.
Fricke, T.
Fritschel, P. ORCID icon
Frolov, V. V.
Fyffe, M.
Galdi, V.
Garofoli, J.
Gholami, I.
Giaime, J. A.
Giampanis, S.
Giardina, K. D.
Goda, K.
Goetz, E.
Goggin, L. M.
González, G.
Gossler, S.
Grant, A.
Gras, S.
Gray, C.
Gray, M.
Greenhalgh, J.
Gretarsson, A. M.
Grosso, R.
Grote, H.
Grunewald, S.
Guenther, M.
Gustafson, R.
Hage, B.
Hammer, D.
Hanna, C.
Hanson, J.
Harms, J. ORCID icon
Harry, G.
Harstad, E.
Hayler, T.
Heefner, J.
Heng, I. S.
Heptonstall, A.
Heurs, M.
Hewitson, M.
Hild, S.
Hirose, E.
Hoak, D.
Hosken, D. J.
Hough, J.
Hoyland, D.
Huttner, S. H.
Ingram, D.
Innerhofer, E.
Ito, M.
Itoh, Y.
Ivanov, A.
Johnson, B.
Johnson, W. W.
Jones, D. I.
Jones, G.
Jones, R.
Ju, L.
Kalmus, P.
Kalogera, V. ORCID icon
Kasprzyk, D.
Katsavounidis, E.
Kawabe, K.
Kawamura, S.
Kawazoe, F.
Kells, W.
Keppel, D. G.
Khalili, F. Ya.
Kim, C.
King, P.
Kissel, J. S. ORCID icon
Klimenko, S.
Kokeyama, K.
Kondrashov, V.
Kopparapu, R. K.
Kozak, D. ORCID icon
Krishnan, B.
Kwee, P.
Lam, P. K.
Landry, M.
Lantz, B.
Lazzarini, A. ORCID icon
Lei, M.
Leiner, J.
Leonhardt, V.
Leonor, I.
Libbrecht, K. ORCID icon
Lindquist, P.
Lockerbie, N. A.
Longo, M.
Lormand, M.
Lubinski, M.
Lück, H.
Machenschalk, B.
MacInnis, M.
Mageswaran, M.
Mailand, K.
Malec, M.
Mandic, V.
Marano, S.
Márka, S.
Markowitz, J.
Maros, E.
Martin, I.
Marx, J. N.
Mason, K.
Matone, L.
Matta, V.
Mavalvala, N.
McCarthy, R.
McClelland, D. E. ORCID icon
McGuire, S. C.
McHugh, M.
McKenzie, K.
McWilliams, S.
Meier, T.
Melissinos, A.
Mendell, G.
Mercer, R. A.
Meshkov, S.
Messenger, C. J.
Meyers, D.
Mikhailov, E.
Mitra, S. K.
Mitrofanov, V. P. ORCID icon
Mitselmakher, G.
Mittleman, R.
Miyakawa, O.
Mohanty, S.
Moreno, G.
Mossavi, K.
MowLowry, C. M. ORCID icon
Moylan, A.
Mudge, D.
Mueller, G. ORCID icon
Mukherjee, S.
Müller-Ebhardt, H.
Munch, J.
Murray, P.
Myers, E. B.
Myers, J. D.
Nash, T.
Newton, G.
Nishizawa, A. ORCID icon
Numata, K.
O'Reilly, B.
O'Shaughnessy, R. ORCID icon
Ottaway, D. J. ORCID icon
Overmier, H.
Owen, B. J.
Pan, Y.
Papa, M. A.
Parameshwaraiah, V.
Patel, P.
Pedraza, M.
Penn, S.
Pierro, V.
Pinto, I. M.
Pitkin, M.
Pletsch, H. J.
Plissi, M. V.
Postiglione, F.
Prix, R.
Quetschke, V. ORCID icon
Raab, F.
Rabeling, D.
Radkins, H.
Rahkola, R.
Rainer, N.
Rakhmanov, M.
Ramsunder, M.
Ray-Majumder, S.
Re, V.
Rehbein, H.
Reid, S.
Reitze, D. H. ORCID icon
Ribichini, L.
Riesen, R.
Riles, K.
Rivera, B.
Robertson, N. A.
Robinson, C.
Robinson, E. L.
Roddy, S.
Rodriguez, A.
Rogan, A. M.
Rollins, J.
Romano, J. D.
Romie, J.
Route, R.
Rowan, S.
Rüdiger, A.
Ruet, L.
Russell, P.
Ryan, K.
Sakata, S.
Samidi, M.
Sancho de la Jordana, L.
Sandberg, V. D.
Sannibale, V.
Saraf, S.
Sarin, P.
Sathyaprakash, B. S.
Sato, S.
Saulson, P. R.
Savage, R.
Savov, P.
Schediwy, S. W.
Schilling, R.
Schnabel, R. ORCID icon
Schofield, R.
Schutz, B. F.
Schwinberg, P.
Scott, S. M.
Searle, A. C.
Sears, B.
Seifert, F.
Sellers, D.
Sengupta, A. S.
Shawhan, P.
Shoemaker, D. H.
Sibley, A.
Siemens, X.
Sigg, D.
Sinha, S.
Sintes, A. M.
Slagmolen, B. J. J. ORCID icon
Slutsky, J.
Smith, J. R.
Smith, M. R.
Somiya, K.
Strain, K. A.
Strom, D. M.
Stuver, A.
Summerscales, T. Z.
Sun, K. -X.
Sung, M.
Sutton, P. J.
Takahashi, H.
Tanner, D. B. ORCID icon
Taylor, R.
Taylor, R.
Thacker, J.
Thorne, K. A.
Thorne, K. S.
Thuering, A.
Tokmakov, K. V.
Torres, C.
Torrie, C.
Traylor, G.
Trias, M.
Tyler, W.
Ugolini, D.
Urbanek, K.
Vahlbruch, H.
Vallisneri, M. ORCID icon
Van Den Broeck, C.
Varvella, M.
Vass, S.
Vecchio, A. ORCID icon
Veitch, J.
Veitch, P. J.
Villar, A.
Vorvick, C.
Vyachanin, S. P.
Waldman, S. J.
Wallace, L.
Ward, H.
Ward, R.
Watts, K.
Weidner, A.
Weinert, M.
Weiss, R.
Wen, S.
Wette, K.
Whelan, J. T.
Whitcomb, S. E.
Whiting, B. F. ORCID icon
Wilkinson, C.
Willems, P. A.
Williams, L.
Willke, B.
Wilmut, I.
Winkler, W.
Wipf, C. C.
Wise, S.
Wiseman, A. G.
Woan, G.
Woods, D.
Wooley, R.
Worden, J.
Wu, W.
Yakushin, I.
Yamamoto, H. ORCID icon
Yan, Z.
Yoshida, S.
Yunes, N. ORCID icon
Zanolin, M.
Zhang, J.
Zhang, L. ORCID icon
Zhao, C. ORCID icon
Zotov, N.
Zucker, M. ORCID icon
zur-Mühlen, H.
Zweizig, J. ORCID icon
Hurley, K. C.
Weinstein, Alan J. ORCID icon
LIGO Scientific Collaboration

Abstract

We analyzed the available LIGO data coincident with GRB 070201, a short-duration, hard-spectrum gamma-ray burst (GRB) whose electromagnetically determined sky position is coincident with the spiral arms of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). Possible progenitors of such short, hard GRBs include mergers of neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole, or soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR) flares. These events can be accompanied by gravitational-wave emission. No plausible gravitational-wave candidates were found within a 180s long window around the time of GRB 070201. This result implies that a compact binary progenitor of GRB 070201, with masses in the range 1M☉ < m1 < 3M☉ and 1M☉ < m2 < 40M☉, located in M31 is excluded at > 99% confidence. If the GRB 070201 progenitor was not in M31, then we can exclude a binary neutron star merger progenitor with distance D < 3.5 Mpc, assuming random inclination, at 90% confidence. The result also implies that an unmodeled gravitational-wave burst from GRB 070201 most probably emitted less than 4.4×10^(-4) M☉c^2 (7.9×10^50 ergs) in any 100 ms long period within the signal region if the source was in M31 and radiated isotropically at the same frequency as LIGO's peak sensitivity (f ≈ 150 Hz). This upper limit does not exclude current models of SGRs at the M31 distance.

Additional Information

© 2008. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2007 December 1; accepted 2008 January 6. We are indebted to the observers of the electromagnetic event, GCN and IPN, for providing us with valuable data and real-time information. We are grateful to Neil Gehrels of NASA/GSFC for his help in reviewing the article. We are grateful to the GALEX collaboration for providing the UV image of M31, the SDSS project for providing the optical image of M31, and Google Sky for accelerating the error box position verification.

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