MAGIC - how MAtter's extreme phases can be revealed in Gravitational wave observations and in relativistic heavy Ion Collision experiments

Creators: Hanauske, Matthias; Bovard, Luke; Steinheimer, Jan; Motornenko, Anton; Vovchenko, Volodymyr; Schramm, Stefan; Dexheimer, Veronica; Papenfort, Jens; Most, Elias R.; Stöcker, Horst

Abstract

Nearly one hundred years after Albert Einstein developed the field equations of general relativity and predicted the existence of gravitational waves, a gravitational wave event from a binary neutron star merger (GW170817) was detected in August 2017 by the LIGO/VIRGO collaboration. During the thereon analysis of the gravitational wave data, the equation of state of elementary matter could be constrained in the regime of high densities/temperatures. Recent simulations show, that the appearance of a hadron to quark phase transition in the interior region of a hybrid star merger remnant might change the overall properties of the merger event and could be detectable in future. On the one hand, 4D-simulations of binary neutron star mergers show that these astrophysical systems represent optimal laboratories to investigate the phase structure of quantum chromodynamics. On the other hand, accelerators like the FAIR facility at GSI Helmholtzzentrum allow one to study the properties of the quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic collisions of heavy ions. This article combines a survey of recent advancements in two rather distinct fields, which reveal - on first sight - a surprising similarity of both, namely relativistic collisions of nuclei and of neutron star mergers.

Additional Information

Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. We would like to thank Luciano Rezzolla. Without his profound knowledge and his comprehensive expertise in the field of numerical relativity and general relativistic hydrodynamics the presented simulations and the whole article would not have been possible. MH gratefully acknowledges support from the Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) and the Goethe University Frankfurt, VD acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant PHY-1748621, while HS acknowledges the Judah M. Eisenberg laureatus Professur endowment.

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