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Published February 2023 | Published
Journal Article Open

Quantum Gravity in the Lab. I. Teleportation by Size and Traversable Wormholes

Abstract

With the long-term goal of studying models of quantum gravity in the lab, we propose holographic teleportation protocols that can be readily executed in table-top experiments. These protocols exhibit similar behavior to that seen in the recent traversable-wormhole constructions of Gao et al. [J. High Energy Phys., 2017, 151 (2017)] and Maldacena et al. [Fortschr. Phys., 65, 1700034 (2017)]: information that is scrambled into one half of an entangled system will, following a weak coupling between the two halves, unscramble into the other half. We introduce the concept of teleportation by size to capture how the physics of operator-size growth naturally leads to information transmission. The transmission of a signal through a semiclassical holographic wormhole corresponds to a rather special property of the operator-size distribution that we call size winding. For more general systems (which may not have a clean emergent geometry), we argue that imperfect size winding is a generalization of the traversable-wormhole phenomenon. In addition, a form of signaling continues to function at high temperature and at large times for generic chaotic systems, even though it does not correspond to a signal going through a geometrical wormhole but, rather, to an interference effect involving macroscopically different emergent geometries. Finally, we outline implementations that are feasible with current technology in two experimental platforms: Rydberg-atom arrays and trapped ions.

Additional Information

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. We thank Patrick Hayden, Bryce Kobrin, Richard Kueng, Misha Lukin, Chris Monroe, Geoff Penington, John Preskill, Xiaoliang Qi, Thomas Schuster, Douglas Stanford, Alexandre Streicher, Zhenbin Yang, and Norman Yao for fruitful discussions. We also thank Iris Cong, Emil Khabiboulline, Harry Levine, Misha Lukin, Hannes Pichler, and Cris Zanoci for collaboration on related work. H.G. is supported by the Simons Foundation through the It from Qubit collaboration. H.L. is supported by a Department of Defense (DoD) National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship. G.S. is supported by Department of Energy (DOE) award Quantum Error Correction and Spacetime Geometry Grant No. DE-SC0018407, the Simons Foundation via It From Qubit, and the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM) at Caltech (National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. PHY-1733907). L.S. is supported by NSF Award Number 1316699. B.S. acknowledges support from the Simons Foundation via It From Qubit and from the DOE via the GeoFlow consortium. M.W. is supported by a Dutch Research Council (NWO) Veni Grant No. 680-47-459. The work of G.S. was performed before joining Amazon Web Services.

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023