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Published March 2023 | Published
Journal Article Open

Physics-informed dynamic mode decomposition

Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate how physical principles—such as symmetries, invariances and conservation laws—can be integrated into the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). DMD is a widely used data analysis technique that extracts low-rank modal structures and dynamics from high-dimensional measurements. However, DMD can produce models that are sensitive to noise, fail to generalize outside the training data and violate basic physical laws. Our physics-informed DMD (piDMD) optimization, which may be formulated as a Procrustes problem, restricts the family of admissible models to a matrix manifold that respects the physical structure of the system. We focus on five fundamental physical principles—conservation, self-adjointness, localization, causality and shift-equivariance—and derive several closed-form solutions and efficient algorithms for the corresponding piDMD optimizations. With fewer degrees of freedom, piDMD models are less prone to overfitting, require less training data, and are often less computationally expensive to build than standard DMD models. We demonstrate piDMD on a range of problems, including energy-preserving fluid flow, the Schrödinger equation, solute advection-diffusion and three-dimensional transitional channel flow. In each case, piDMD outperforms standard DMD algorithms in metrics such as spectral identification, state prediction and estimation of optimal forcings and responses.

Additional Information

© 2023 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. P.J.B. acknowledges insightful conversations with Suvrit Sra, Tasuku Soma and Andrew Horning. S.L.B. acknowledges valuable discussions with Jean-Christophe Loiseau. Funding. Army Research Office ARO W911NF-17-1-0306 (B.J.M. and S.L.B.) National Science Foundation AI Institute in Dynamic Systems 211208 (J.N.K. and S.L.B.) ANID project Fondecyt no. 11220465 (B.H.). Authors' contributions. P.J.B.: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software, validation, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing; B.H.: methodology, visualization, writing—review and editing; B.J.M.: funding acquisition, methodology, supervision, writing—review and editing; J.N.K.: funding acquisition, visualization, writing—review and editing; S.L.B.: funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, supervision, visualization, writing—review and editing. All authors gave final approval for publication and agreed to be held accountable for the work performed therein. We declare we have no competing interests.

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023