TESS Discovery of Twin Planets near 2:1 Resonance around Early M Dwarf TOI 4342

Creators: Tey, Evan; Huang, Chelsea X.; Kunimoto, Michelle; Vanderburg, Andrew; Shporer, Avi; Quinn, Samuel N.; Zhou, George; Collins, Karen A.; Collins, Kevin I.; Jensen, Eric L. N.; Schwarz, Richard P.; Sefako, Ramotholo; Gan, Tianjun; Furlan, Elise; Gnilka, Crystal L.; Howell, Steve B.; Lester, Kathryn V.; Ziegler, Carl; Briceño, César; Law, Nicholas; Mann, Andrew W.; Ricker, George R.; Vanderspek, Roland K.; Latham, David W.; Seager, S.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Winn, Joshua N.; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Charbonneau, David; Burke, Christopher J.; Essack, Zahra

Abstract

With data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), we showcase improvements to the MIT Quick Look Pipeline (QLP) through the discovery and validation of a multiplanet system around M dwarf TOI 4342 (T_(mag) = 11.032, M_⋆ = 0.63 M_⊙, R_⋆ = 0.60 R_⊙, T_(eff) = 3900 K, d = 61.54 pc). With updates to QLP, including a new multiplanet search, as well as faster cadence data from TESS's First Extended Mission, we discovered two sub-Neptunes (R_b = 2.266_(0.040)^(0.043) R_⊕ and R꜀ = 2.415_(−0.040)^(+0.043) R_⊕; P_b = 5.538 days and P꜀ = 10.689 days) and validated them with ground-based photometry, spectra, and speckle imaging. Both planets notably have high transmission spectroscopy metrics of 36 and 32, making TOI 4342 one of the best systems for comparative atmospheric studies. This system demonstrates how improvements to QLP, along with faster cadence full-frame images, can lead to the discovery of new multiplanet systems.

Additional Information

© 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST; Huang 2020; Fausnaugh 2021; Team 2021). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission directorate. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website (ExoFOP 2019), which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Some of the observations in the paper made use of the High-Resolution Imaging instrument Zorro obtained under Gemini LLP Proposal Number: GN/S-2021A-LP-105. Zorro was funded by the NASA Exoplanet Exploration Program and built at the NASA Ames Research Center by Steve B. Howell, Nic Scott, Elliott P. Horch, and Emmett Quigley. Zorro was mounted on the Gemini South telescope of the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSF's OIR Lab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), National Research Council (Canada), Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Argentina), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (Brazil), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Republic of Korea). This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. Facilities: TESS - , Gaia - , CTIO:1.5m (CHIRON) - , LCO:1.0m (Sinistro) - , SOAR:4.1m (HRCam) - , Gemini South:8m (Zorro). - Software: AstroImageJ (Collins et al. 2017), Astropy (Collaboration et al. 2013; Astropy Collaboration et al. 2018), exoplanet (Kipping 2013a; Salvatier et al. 2016; The Theano Development Team et al. 2016; Kumar et al. 2019; Luger et al. 2019; Agol et al. 2020; Foreman-Mackey et al. 2021), H5py, Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), MIT Quick Look Pipeline (Huang et al. 2020a), Numpy (Harris et al. 2020), TESS SPOC Pipeline (Jenkins et al. 2016; Li et al. 2018; Twicken et al. 2018), Pandas (Reback et al. 2020), Scipy (Virtanen et al. 2020), Vartools (Hartman & Bakos 2016).

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