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Published October 2022 | public
Journal Article

Scintillator ageing of the T2K near detectors from 2010 to 2021

Abe, K.
Akhlaq, N.
Akutsu, R.
Ali, A.
Alt, C.
Andreopoulos, C.
Antonova, M.
Aoki, S.
Arihara, T.
Asada, Y.
Ashida, Y.
Atkin, E. T.
Ban, S.
Barbi, M.
Barker, G. J.
Barr, G.
Barrow, D.
Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M.
Bench, F.
Berardi, V.
Berns, L.
Bhadra, S.
Blanchet, A.
Blondel, A.
Bolognesi, S.
Bonus, T.
Bordoni, S.
Boyd, S. B.
Bravar, A.
Bronner, C.
Bron, S.
Bubak, A.
Buizza Avanzini, M.
Calabria, N. F.
Cao, S.
Carter, A. J.
Cartwright, S. L.
Catanesi, M. G.
Cervera, A.
Chakrani, J.
Cherdack, D.
Christodoulou, G.
Cicerchia, M.
Coleman, J.
Collazuol, G.
Cook, L.
Cudd, A.
Davydov, Yu. I.
De Roeck, A.
De Rosa, G.
Dealtry, T.
Delogu, C. C.
Densham, C.
Dergacheva, A.
Di Lodovico, F.
Dolan, S.
Douqa, D.
Doyle, T. A.
Drapier, O.
Duffy, K. E.
Dumarchez, J.
Dunne, P.
Dygnarowicz, K.
Eguchi, A.
Emery-Schrenk, S.
Ershova, A.
Fedotov, S.
Fernandez, P.
Finch, A. J.
Fiorentini Aguirre, G .A.
Fiorillo, G.
Friend, M.
Fujii, Y.
Fukuda, Y.
Fusshoeller, K.
Giganti, C.
Glagolev, V.
Gonin, M.
Goodman, E. A. G.
Gorin, A.
Grassi, M.
Guigue, M.
Hadley, D. R.
Haigh, J. T.
Hamacher-Baumann, P.
Harris, D. A.
Hartz, M.
Hasegawa, T.
Hassani, S.
Hastings, N. C.
Hatzikoutelis, A.
Hayato, Y.
Hiramoto, A.
Hogan, M.
Holeczek, J.
Holin, A.
Holvey, T. J.
Hong Van, N. T.
Honjo, T.
Iacob, F.
Ichikawa, A. K.
Ikeda, M.
Ishida, T.
Ishitsuka, M.
Israel, H. T.
Ives, S. J.
Iwamoto, K.
Izmaylov, A.
Izumi, N.
Jakkapu, M.
Jamieson, B.
Jenkins, S. J.
Jesús-Valls, C.
Jiang, J. J.
Jonsson, P.
Jung, C. K.
Jurj, P. B.
Kabirnezhad, M.
Kaboth, A. C.
Kajita, T.
Kakuno, H.
Kameda, J.
Kasetti, S. P.
Kataoka, Y.
Katayama, Y.
Katori, T.
Kawaue, M.
Kearns, E.
Khabibullin, M.
Khotjantsev, A.
Kikawa, T.
Kikutani, H.
King, S.
Kisiel, J.
Knight, A.
Kobata, T.
Kobayashi, T.
Koch, L.
Kogan, G.
Konaka, A.
Kormos, L. L.
Koshio, Y.
Kostin, A.
Kowalik, K.
Kudenko, Y.
Kuribayashi, S.
Kurjata, R.
Kutter, T.
Kuze, M.
La Commara, M.
Labarga, L.
Lachner, K.
Lagoda, J.
Lakshmi, S. M.
Lamers James, M.
Lamont, I.
Lamoureux, M.
Last, D.
Latham, N.
Laveder, M.
Lawe, M.
Lee, Y.
Lin, C.
Lindner, T.
Lin, S.-K.
Litchfield, R. P.
Liu, S. L.
Longhin, A.
Long, K. R.
Ludovici, L.
Lu, X.
Lux, T.
Machado, L. N.
Magaletti, L.
Mahn, K.
Malek, M.
Mandal, M.
Manly, S.
Marino, A. D.
Marti-Magro, L.
Martin, D. G. R.
Martini, M.
Martin, J. F.
Maruyama, T.
Matsubara, T.
Matveev, V.
Mauger, C.
Mavrokoridis, K.
Mazzucato, E.
McCauley, N.
McElwee, J.
McFarland, K. S.
McGrew, C.
Mefodiev, A.
Megias, G. D.
Mellet, L.
Metelko, C.
Mezzetto, M.
Minamino, A.
Mineev, O.
Mine, S.
Miura, M.
Molina Bueno, L.
Moriyama, S.
Mueller, Th. A.
Munford, D.
Munteanu, L.
Nagai, K.
Nagai, Y.
Nakadaira, T.
Nakagiri, K.
Nakahata, M.
Nakajima, Y.
Nakamura, A.
Nakamura, H.
Nakamura, K.
Nakano, Y.
Nakayama, S.
Nakaya, T.
Nakayoshi, K.
Naseby, C. E. R.
Ngoc, T. V.
Nguyen, V. Q.
Niewczas, K.
Nishimura, Y.
Nishizaki, K.
Nova, F.
Novella, P.
Nugent, J. C.
O'Keeffe, H. M.
O'Sullivan, L.
Odagawa, T.
Ogawa, T.
Okada, R.
Okumura, K.
Okusawa, T.
Owen, R. A.
Oyama, Y.
Palladino, V.
Paolone, V.
Pari, M.
Parlone, J.
Parsa, S.
Pasternak, J.
Pavin, M.
Payne, D.
Penn, G. C.
Perkin, J. D.
Pershey, D.
Pickering, L.
Pidcott, C.
Pintaudi, G.
Pistillo, C.
Popov, B.
Porwit, K.
Posiadala-Zezula, M.
Prabhu, Y. S.
Quilain, B.
Radermacher, T.
Radicioni, E.
Radics, B.
Ratoff, P. N.
Reh, M.
Riccio, C.
Rondio, E.
Roth, S.
Rubbia, A.
Ruggeri, A. C.
Ruggles, C. A.
Rychter, A.
Sakashita, K.
Sánchez, F.
Santucci, G.
Schloesser, C. M.
Scholberg, K.
Scott, M.
Seiya, Y.
Sekiguchi, T.
Sekiya, H.
Sgalaberna, D.
Shaikhiev, A.
Shaykina, A.
Shiozawa, M.
Shorrock, W.
Shvartsman, A.
Skwarczynski, K.
Smy, M.
Sobczyk, J. T.
Sobel, H.
Soler, F. J. P.
Sonoda, Y.
Spina, R.
Su, H.
Suslov, I. A.
Suvorov, S.
Suzuki, A.
Suzuki, S. Y.
Suzuki, Y.
Sztuc, A. A.
Tada, M.
Takayasu, S.
Takeda, A.
Takeuchi, Y.
Tanaka, H. K.
Tanihara, Y.
Tani, M.
Tereshchenko, V. V.
Teshima, N.
Thamm, N.
Thompson, L. F.
Toki, W.
Touramanis, C.
Towstego, T.
Tsui, K. M.
Tsukamoto, T.
Tzanov, M.
Uchida, Y.
Vacheret, A.
Vagins, M.
Vallari, Z.
Vargas, D.
Vasseur, G.
Vilela, C.
Vinning, W. G. S.
Vladisavljevic, T.
Wachala, T.
Waldron, A. V.
Walsh, J. G.
Wang, Y.
Wan, L.
Wark, D.
Wascko, M. O.
Weber, A.
Wendell, R.
Wilking, M. J.
Wilkinson, C.
Wilson, J. R.
Wood, K.
Wret, C.
Xia, J.
Xu, Y.-h.
Yamamoto, K.
Yanagisawa, C.
Yang, G.
Yano, T.
Yasutome, K.
Yershov, N.
Yevarouskaya, U.
Yokoyama, M.
Yoshimoto, Y.
Yu, M.
Zaki, R.
Zalewska, A.
Zalipska, J.
Zaremba, K.
Zarnecki, G.
Zhao, X.
Zhu, T.
Ziembicki, M.
Zimmerman, E. D.
Zito, M.
Zsoldos, S.
T2K Collaboration

Abstract

The T2K experiment widely uses plastic scintillator as a target for neutrino interactions and an active medium for the measurement of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions at its near detector complex. Over 10 years of operation the measured light yield recorded by the scintillator based subsystems has been observed to degrade by 0.9–2.2% per year. Extrapolation of the degradation rate through to 2040 indicates the recorded light yield should remain above the lower threshold used by the current reconstruction algorithms for all subsystems. This will allow the near detectors to continue contributing to important physics measurements during the T2K-II and Hyper-Kamiokande eras. Additionally, work to disentangle the degradation of the plastic scintillator and wavelength shifting fibres shows that the reduction in light yield can be attributed to the ageing of the plastic scintillator. The long component of the attenuation length of the wavelength shifting fibres was observed to degrade by 1.3–5.4% per year, while the short component of the attenuation length did not show any conclusive degradation.

Additional Information

We thank the J-PARC staff for superb accelerator performance. We thank the CERN NA61/SHINE Collaboration for providing valuable particle production data. We acknowledge the support of MEXT, JSPS KAKENHI (JP16H06288, JP18K03682, JP18H03701, JP18H05537, JP19J01119, JP19J22440, JP19J22258, JP20H00162, JP20H00149, JP20J20304) and bilateral programs (JPJSBP120204806, JPJSBP120209601), Japan; NSERC, the NRC, and CFI, Canada; the CEA and CNRS/IN2P3, France; the DFG (RO 3625/2), Germany; the INFN, Italy; the Ministry of Education and Science(DIR/WK/2017/05) and the National Science Centre (UMO-2018/30/E/ST2/00441), Poland; the RSF19-12-00325, RSF22-12-00358 and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (075-15-2020-778), Russia; MICINN (SEV-2016-0588, PID2019-107564GB-I00, PGC2018-099388-BI00) and ERDF funds and CERCA program, Spain; the SNSF and SERI (200021_185012, 200020_188533, 20FL21_186178I), Switzerland; the STFC, U.K.; and the DOE, U.S.A. We also thank CERN for the UA1/NOMAD magnet, DESY for the HERA-B magnet mover system, NII for SINET5, the WestGrid and SciNet consortia in Compute Canada, and GridPP in the United Kingdom. In addition, the participation of individual researchers and institutions has been further supported by funds from the ERC (FP7), "la Caixa" Foundation (ID 100010434, fellowship code LCF/BQ/IN17/11620050), the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement numbers 713673 and 754496, and H2020 grant numbers RISE-GA822070-JENNIFER2 2020 and RISE-GA872549-SK2HK; the JSPS, Japan; the Royal Society, U.K.; French ANR grant number ANR-19-CE31-0001; and the DOE Early Career programme, U.S.A.

Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 24, 2023