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Published December 21, 2022 | public
Report

Fourier Continuation for Exact Derivative Computation in Physics-Informed Neural Operators

Abstract

The physics-informed neural operator (PINO) is a machine learning architecture that has shown promising empirical results for learning partial differential equations. PINO uses the Fourier neural operator (FNO) architecture to overcome the optimization challenges often faced by physics-informed neural networks. Since the convolution operator in PINO uses the Fourier series representation, its gradient can be computed exactly on the Fourier space. While Fourier series cannot represent nonperiodic functions, PINO and FNO still have the expressivity to learn nonperiodic problems with Fourier extension via padding. However, computing the Fourier extension in the physics-informed optimization requires solving an ill-conditioned system, resulting in inaccurate derivatives which prevent effective optimization. In this work, we present an architecture that leverages Fourier continuation (FC) to apply the exact gradient method to PINO for nonperiodic problems. This paper investigates three different ways that FC can be incorporated into PINO by testing their performance on a 1D blowup problem. Experiments show that FC-PINO outperforms padded PINO, improving equation loss by several orders of magnitude, and it can accurately capture the third order derivatives of nonsmooth solution functions.

Additional Information

H. Maust gratefully acknowledges the support of the Lynn A. Booth and Kent Kresa SURF Fellowship. Z. Li gratefully acknowledges the financial support from the Kortschak Scholars, PIMCO Fellows, and Amazon AI4Science Fellows programs. Oscar P. Bruno and Daniel Leibovici gratefully acknowledge support from NSF, AFOSR, and ONR through contracts DMS-2109831, FA9550-21-1-0373, and N00014-16-1-2808. T. Y. Hou is in part supported by the NSF grant DMS-2205590, the Choi Family Gift Fund, and the Charles Lee Powell endowed chair. A. Anandkumar is supported in part by Bren endowed chair.

Additional details

Created:
August 20, 2023
Modified:
October 24, 2023