Confirmation and characterisation of three giant planets detected by TESS from the FIES/NOT and Tull/McDonald spectrographs

Creators: Knudstrup, Emil; Serrano, Luisa M.; Gandolfi, Davide; Albrecht, Simon H.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; MacQueen, Phillip; Tronsgaard, René; Bieryla, Allyson; Buchhave, Lars A.; Stassun, Keivan; Collins, Karen A.; Nowak, Grzegorz; Deeg, Hans J.; Barkaoui, Khalid; Safonov, Boris S.; Strakhov, Ivan A.; Belinski, Alexandre A.; Twicken, Joseph D.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard; Winn, Joshua N.; Collins, Kevin I.; Conti, Dennis M.; Furesz, Gabor; Gan, Tianjun; Kielkopf, John F.; Massey, Bob; Murgas, Felipe; Murphy, Lauren G.; Palle, Enric; Quinn, Samuel N.; Reed, Phillip A.; Ricker, George R.; Seager, Sara; Shiao, Bernie; Schwarz, Richard P.; Srdoc, Gregor; Watanabe, David

Abstract

We report the confirmation and characterisation of TOI-1820 b, TOI-2025 b, and TOI-2158 b, three Jupiter-sized planets on short-period orbits around G-type stars detected by TESS. Through our ground-based efforts using the FIES and Tull spectrographs, we have confirmed these planets and characterised their orbits, and find periods of around 4.9 d, 8.9 d, and 8.6 d for TOI-1820 b, TOI-2025 b, and TOI-2158 b, respectively. The sizes of the planets range from 0.96 to 1.14 Jupiter radii, and their masses are in the range from 0.8 to 4.4 Jupiter masses. For two of the systems, namely TOI-2025 and TOI-2158, we see a long-term trend in the radial velocities, indicating the presence of an outer companion in each of the two systems. For TOI-2025 we furthermore find the star to be well aligned with the orbit, with a projected obliquity of 9_(−31)^(+33ₒ). As these planets are all found in relatively bright systems (V ~ 10.9–11.6 mag), they are well suited for further studies, which could help shed light on the formation and migration of hot and warm Jupiters.

Additional Information

The authors would like to thank the referee, Louise D. Nielsen, for an insightful and helpful review of this work. The authors would also like to thank the staff at the Nordic Optical Telescope for their help and expertise. This paper includes data taken at the Nordic Optical Telescope under the programs IDs 59-210, 59-503, 61-510, 61-804, 62-506, and 63-505. This study is based on observations made with the Nordic Optical Telescope, owned in collaboration by the University of Turku and Aarhus University, and operated jointly by Aarhus University, the University of Turku and the University of Oslo, representing Denmark, Finland, and Norway, the University of Iceland and Stockholm University at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain, of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. This paper includes data taken at The McDonald Observatory of The University of Texas at Austin. This is University of Texas Center for Planetary Systems Habitability contribution #0053. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) programme through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (Grant agreement no.: DNRF106). A.A.B., B.S.S., and I.A.S. acknowledge the support of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the grant 075-15-2020-780(N13.1902.21.0039). The numerical results presented in this work were obtained at the Centre for Scientific Computing, Aarhus https://phys.au.dk/forskning/faciliteter/cscaa/. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. Part of the LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. P.R. and L.M. acknowledge support from National Science Foundation grant No. 1952545. This research made use of Astropy (http://www.astropy.org) a community-developed core Python package for Astronomy (Astropy Collaboration 2013, 2018). This researchmade use of matplotlib (Hunter 2007). This research made use of TESScut (Brasseur et al. 2019). This research made use of astroplan (Morris et al. 2018). This research made use of SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020). This research made use of corner (Foreman-Mackey 2016).

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Resource type: Journal Article
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Published in: Astronomy and Astrophysics, 667, Art. No. A22, ISSN: 0004-6361.