A Pyridine Dearomatization Approach to the Matrine-Type Lupin Alkaloids
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1.
California Institute of Technology
Abstract
(+)-Matrine and (+)-isomatrine are tetracyclic alkaloids isolated from the plant Sophora flavescens, the roots of which are used in traditional Chinese medicine. Biosynthetically, these alkaloids are proposed to derive from three molecules of (−)-lysine via the intermediacy of the unstable cyclic imine Δ1-piperidine. Inspired by the biosynthesis, a new dearomative annulation reaction has been developed that leverages pyridine as a stable surrogate for Δ1-piperidine. In this key transformation, two molecules of pyridine are joined with a molecule of glutaryl chloride to give the complete tetracyclic framework of the matrine alkaloids in a single step. Using this dearomative annulation, isomatrine is synthesized in four steps from inexpensive commercially available chemicals. Isomatrine then serves as the precursor to additional lupin alkaloids, including matrine, allomatrine, isosophoridine, and sophoridine.
Acknowledgement
The California Institute of Technology Center for Catalysis and Chemical Synthesis is gratefully acknowledged for access to analytical equipment. We thank the Dow Next Generation Educator Funds and Instrumentation Grants for their support of the Beckman Institute X-ray Crystallography Facility at Caltech, as well as the Caltech CCE NMR facility and Multiuser Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, which is also supported by the NSF CRIF program (No. CHE-0541745). Dr. M. Shahgholi is acknowledged for acquisition of HRMS data. Dr. Michael Takase and Larry Henling are acknowledged for acquiring the X-ray diffraction data, and Yujia Tao is thanked for assistance in solving X-ray structures. Dr. David Miller of the Arnold Laboratory at Caltech is acknowledged for his help in running the P450 enzyme oxidation screen. Fellowship support was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (PGS-D fellowship to J.K.K. (under Grant No. PGSD3-532535-2019), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (No. F32GM134709 to A.T.). S.E.R. acknowledges financial support from the NIH (No. R35GM118191), and K.N.H. acknowledges the National Science Foundation (No. CHE-1764328).Files
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 116884
- DOI
- 10.1021/jacs.2c06584
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20220909-232904000
- URL
- https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220718-76928700
- PMCID
- PMC10249042
- Dow Next Generation Educator Fund
- NSF
- CHE-0541745
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- PGSD3-532535-2019
- NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship
- F32GM134709
- NIH
- R35GM118191
- NSF
- CHE-1764328
- Created
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2022-10-29Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2022-10-29Created from EPrint's last_modified field