The Early Universe was Dust-Rich and Extremely Hot

Creators: Viero, Marco P.; Sun, Guochao; Chung, Dongwoo T.; Moncelsi, Lorenzo; Condon, Sam S.

Abstract

We investigate the dust properties and star-formation signature of galaxies in the early universe by stacking 111,227 objects in the recently released COSMOS catalogue on maps at wavelengths bracketing the peak of warmed dust emission. We find an elevated far-infrared luminosity density to redshift 10, indicating abundant dust in the early universe. We further find an increase of dust temperature with redshift, reaching ~ 119 +- 7 K at z ~ 9, suggesting either the presence of silicate rich dust originating from Population II stars, or sources of heating beyond simply young hot stars. Lastly, we try to understand how these objects have been missed in previous surveys, and how to design observations to target them. All code, links to the data, and instructions to reproduce this research in full is located at this https URL https://github.com/marcoviero/simstack3/

Additional Information

Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). DTC holds a CITA/Dunlap Institute postdoctoral fellowship. The Dunlap Institute is funded through an endowment established by the David Dunlap family and the University of Toronto. The University of Toronto operates on the traditional land of the Huron-Wendat, the Seneca, and most recently, the Mississaugas of the Credit River; DTC is grateful to have the opportunity to work on this land. DATA AVAILABILITY. The simstack package needed to reproduce these results, and Jupyter Notebooks guiding the user through each step, are available at https://github.com/marcoviero/simstack3/tree/main/viero2022/.

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