Shock compression behavior of stainless steel 316L octet-truss lattice structures
Abstract
Lattice structures offer desirable mechanical properties for applications of energy absorption and impact mitigation but limited research has been carried out on their shock compression behavior. In this work, the shock compression behavior of stainless steel 316L (SS316L) octet-truss lattice structures was investigated through experimental techniques and numerical simulations. Plate impact experiments with high-speed imaging were conducted at impact velocities of 270–390 m/s on lattice specimens with 5 × 5 × 10 unit cell geometries additively manufactured (AM) using direct metal laser sintering. High-speed imaging together with digital image correlation was used to extract full-field measurements and define a two-wave structure consisting of an elastic wave and planar compaction (shock) wave which propagated along the impact direction. A linear shock velocity versus particle velocity relation was found to approximate the measurements with a unit slope and a linear fit constant equal to the crushing speed. The shock velocity versus particle velocity relation, full-field measurements, and elastic limit together with the Eulerian form of the Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions were used to find relations for the stress and internal energy behind the shock. Stress behind the shock increased with relative density and particle velocity, and specific internal energy converged to a single curve similar to that of bulk AM SS316L. Explicit finite element analysis using the Johnson–Cook constitutive model demonstrated similar shock behavior observed in experiments and a linear shock velocity versus particle velocity relation and corresponding Hugoniot calculations were found to be in agreement with experimental results. Numerical simulations confirmed negligible effects of exterior versus interior measurements and further validated the application of one-dimensional shock theory.
Additional Information
© 2022 Elsevier. Received 5 April 2022, Revised 6 June 2022, Accepted 5 July 2022, Available online 9 July 2022. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of DOE/NNSA, USA Award No. DE-NA0003957. The support of the Army Research Laboratory under the Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-12-2-0022 for the acquisition of the high-speed camera used in this investigation is acknowledged. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. CRediT authorship contribution statement: John S. Weeks: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft. Vatsa Gandhi: Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing. Guruswami Ravichandran: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing–review & editing. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Attached Files
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0734743X22001671-mmc1.mp4
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0734743X22001671-mmc2.mp4
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 115468
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2022.104324
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20220711-653034000
- DE-NA0003957
- Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration
- W911NF-12-2-0022
- Army Research Laboratory
- Created
-
2022-07-12Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2022-08-02Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- GALCIT