Characterization of BNL and HPK AC-LGAD sensors with a 120 GeV proton beam

Creators: Heller, R.; Madrid, C.; Apresyan, A.; Brooks, W. K.; Chen, W.; D'Amen, G.; Giacomini, G.; Goya, I.; Hara, K.; Kita, S.; Los, S.; Molnar, A.; Nakamura, K.; Peña, C.; San Martín, C.; Tricoli, A.; Ueda, T.; Xie, S.

Abstract

We present measurements of AC-LGADs performed at the Fermilab's test beam facility using 120 GeV protons. We studied the performance of various strip and pad AC-LGAD sensors that were produced by BNL and HPK. The measurements are performed with our upgraded test beam setup that utilizes a high precision telescope tracker, and a simultaneous readout of up to 7 channels per sensor, which allows detailed studies of signal sharing characteristics. These measurements allow us to assess the differences in designs between different manufacturers, and optimize them based on experimental performance. We then study several reconstruction algorithms to optimize position and time resolutions that utilize the signal sharing properties of each sensor. We present a world's first demonstration of silicon sensors in a test beam that simultaneously achieve better than 6–10 μm position and 30 ps time resolution. This represents a substantial improvement to the spatial resolution than would be obtained with binary readout of sensors with similar pitch.

Additional Information

© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab. Received 20 January 2022; Accepted 1 April 2022; Published 2 May 2022. We thank the Fermilab accelerator and FTBF personnel for the excellent performance of the accelerator and support of the test beam facility, in particular M. Kiburg, E. Niner and E. Schmidt. We also thank the SiDet department for preparing the readout boards by mounting and wire-bonding the AC-LGAD sensors. Finally, we thank L. Uplegger for developing the telescope tracker and a large part of the DAQ system. This document was prepared using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), aU.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. This research is partially funded by the U.S.-Japan Science and Technology Cooperation Program in High Energy Physics, through Department of Energy under FWP 20-32 in the USA, and via High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan. This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0012704; used resources of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, which is a U.S. DOE Office of Science Facility, at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-SC0012704; supported by the Chilean ANID PIA/APOYO AFB180002 and ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - ICN2019_044. This research was partially supported by Grant-in-Aid for scientific research on advanced basic research (Grant No. 19H05193, 19H04393, 21H0073 and 21H01099) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, of Japan.

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