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Published June 2022 | Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

Gut microbiome-mediated regulation of neuroinflammation

Abstract

The intestinal microbiome influences neuroinflammatory disease in animal models, and recent studies have identified multiple pathways of communication between the gut and brain. Microbes are able to produce metabolites that enter circulation, can alter inflammatory tone in the intestines, periphery, and central nervous system (CNS), and affect trafficking of immune cells into the brain. Additionally, the vagus nerve that connects the enteric nervous system to the CNS is implicated in modulation of brain immune responses. As preclinical research findings and concepts are applied to humans, the potential impacts of the gut microbiome–brain axis on neuroinflammation represent exciting frontiers for further investigation.

Additional Information

© 2022 Elsevier. Available online 21 April 2022, Version of Record 21 April 2022. This review comes from a themed issue on Special Section Neuroimmunology. Edited by Roland Liblau and Isaac Chiu. Work in the authors' laboratory is supported by Grants from the Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, USA (Outreach and Research Fellowship) to J.W.B.; the Heritage Medical Research Institute, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's, USA (ASAP-000375); and the National Institutes of Health, USA (MH100556 and AG063744) to S.K.M. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
December 22, 2023