Additive manufacturing of 3D batteries: a perspective
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of battery materials with complex geometries. When battery components can take arbitrary form factors, opportunities emerge for creating electrode configurations with improved power density, reduced weight, and excellent mechanical stability. We provide a perspective on recent progress in AM of 3D batteries, discussing relevant techniques, materials, designs, and applications. We highlight advantages and limitations associated with battery electrodes fabricated by direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, vat photopolymerization, and selective laser sintering. Additionally, we discuss optimal geometries and compatible materials for anode, cathode, and electrolyte of fully 3D batteries. To increase transparency and utility in the field, we suggest a standardized set of reporting metrics for 3D batteries. Finally, we identify key opportunities for implementation where 3D batteries can provide critical advantages such as shape conformability and the ability to serve as multifunctional or structural components.
Additional Information
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Materials Research Society 2022. Received 24 January 2022; Accepted 11 April 2022; Published 28 April 2022. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Resnick Sustainability Institute at Caltech, the Keck Institute for Space Studies at Caltech, and the DoD through J.R.G.'s Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship. K.N. acknowledges a graduate fellowship from the Masason Foundation. M.A.S. acknowledges a graduate fellowship from the Resnick Sustainability Institute at Caltech. Data and code availability: The data and code generated and/or analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Conflict of interest: K.N. is an employee of 24M Technologies, Inc., a company that manufactures Li-ion batteries.Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 114547
- DOI
- 10.1557/s43578-022-00562-w
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20220502-202342151
- Resnick Sustainability Institute
- Keck Institute for Space Studies (KISS)
- Vannever Bush Faculty Fellowship
- Masason Foundation
- Created
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2022-05-03Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2022-07-12Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- Keck Institute for Space Studies, Resnick Sustainability Institute