The Current Status and Future Prospects of KAGRA, the Large-Scale Cryogenic Gravitational Wave Telescope Built in the Kamioka Underground

Creators: Abe, Homare; Akutsu, Tomotada; Ando, Masaki; Araya, Akito; Aritomi, Naoki; Asada, Hideki; Aso, Yoichi; Bae, Sangwook; Bajpai, Rishabh; Cannon, Kipp; Cao, Zhoujian; Capocasa, Eleonora; Chan, Man; Chen, Dan; Chen, Yi-Ru; Eisenmann, Marc; Flaminio, Raffaele; Fong, Heather; Fujikawa, Yuta; Fujimoto, Yuya; Hadiputrawan, I.; Haino, Sadakazu; Han, Wenbiao; Hayama, Kazuhiro; Himemoto, Yoshiaki; Hirata, Naoatsu; Hirose, Chiaki; Ho, Tsung-Chieh; Hsieh, Bin-Hua; Hsieh, He-Feng; Hsiung, Chia-Hsuan; Huang, Hsiang-Yu; Huang, Panwei; Huang, Yao-Chin; Huang, Yun-Jing; Hui, David; Inayoshi, Kohei; Inoue, Yuki; Itoh, Yousuke; Jung, Pil-Jong; Kajita, Takaaki; Kamiizumi, Masahiro; Kanda, Nobuyuki; Kato, Takashi; Kim, Chunglee; Kim, Jaewan; Kim, Young-Min; Kobayashi, Yuichiro; Kohri, Kazunori; Kokeyama, Keiko; Kong, Albert; Koyama, Naoki; Kozakai, Chihiro; Kume, Jun'ya; Kuroyanagi, Sachiko; Kwak, Kyujin; Lee, Eunsub; Lee, Hyung; Lee, Ray-Kuang; Leonardi, Matteo; Li, Kwan-Lok; Li, Pengbo; Lin, Lupin; Lin, Chun-Yu; Lin, En-Tzu; Lin, Hong-Lin; Liu, Guo-Chin; Luo, Ling-Wei; Ma'arif, Miftahul; Michimura, Yuta; Mio, Norikatsu; Miyakawa, Osamu; Miyo, Kouseki; Miyoki, Shinji; Morisue, Nozomi; Nakamura, Kouji; Nakano, Hiroyuki; Nakano, Masayuki; Narikawa, Tatsuya; Quynh, Lan; Nishimoto, Takumi; Nishizawa, Atsushi; Obayashi, Yoshihisa; Oh, Kwangmin; Ohashi, Masatake; Ohashi, Tomoya; Ohkawa, Masashi; Okutani, Yoshihiro; Oohara, Ken-ichi; Oshino, Shoichi; Pan, Kuo-Chuan; Parisi, Alessandro; Park, June; Arellano, Fabián; Saha, Surojit; Sakai, Kazuki; Sawada, Takahiro; Sekiguchi, Yuichiro; Shao, Lijing; Shikano, Yutaka; Shimizu, Hirotaka; Shimode, Katsuhiko; Shinkai, Hisaaki; Shoda, Ayaka; Somiya, Kentaro; Song, Inhyeok; Sugimoto, Ryosuke; Suresh, Jishnu; Suzuki, Takamasa; Suzuki, Takanori; Suzuki, Toshikazu; Tagoshi, Hideyuki; Takahashi, Hirotaka; Takahashi, Ryutaro; Takeda, Hiroki; Takeda, Mei; Taruya, Atsushi; Tomaru, Takayuki; Tomura, Tomonobu; Trozzo, Lucia; Tsang, Terrence; Tsuchida, Satoshi; Tsutsui, Takuya; Tuyenbayev, Darkhan; Uchikata, Nami; Uchiyama, Takashi; Uehara, Tomoyuki; Ueno, Koh; Ushiba, Takafumi; Putten, Maurice; Washimi, Tatsuki; Wu, Chien-Ming; Wu, Hsun-Chung; Yamada, Tomohiro; Yamamoto, Kazuhiro; Yamamoto, Takahiro; Yamazaki, Ryo; Yeh, Shu-Wei; Yokoyama, Jun'ichi; Yokozawa, Takaaki; Yuzurihara, Hirotaka; Zeidler, Simon; Zhao, Yuhang

Abstract

KAGRA is a gravitational-wave (GW) detector constructed in Japan with two unique key features: It was constructed underground, and the test-mass mirrors are cooled to cryogenic temperatures. These features are not included in other kilometer-scale detectors but will be adopted in future detectors such as the Einstein Telescope. KAGRA performed its first joint observation run with GEO600 in 2020. In this observation, the sensitivity of KAGRA to GWs was inferior to that of other kilometer-scale detectors such as LIGO and Virgo. However, further upgrades to the detector are ongoing to reach the sensitivity for detecting GWs in the next observation run, which is scheduled for 2022. In this article, the current situation, sensitivity, and future perspectives are reviewed.

Additional Information

Received: 1 February 2022 / Revised: 29 March 2022 / Accepted: 29 March 2022 / Published: 26 April 2022. (This article belongs to the Special Issue Present and Future of Gravitational Wave Astronomy) M. Nakano, T. Ushiba, and T. Washimi are grateful to Gabriele Vajente for inviting them to write the present manuscript for publication in Galaxies. This work was supported by Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK, the LIGO project, and the Virgo project. Help in the study of the underground environment was provided by the Virgo/ET members, especially F. Paoletti, I. Fiori, J. Harms, and F. Badaracco. Author Contributions. Corresponding authors wrote all the manuscript. M.N. summarized IFO configuration, design sensitivity, and future plans. T.U. described on suspensions, cryogenic systems, and upgrade plans for O4. T.W. wrote on the underground environments. All authors were contributing to KAGRA project in 2020 and agreed to publish the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This work was funded by MEXT, JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361, and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133 and 20H05639, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) 20A203: JP20H05854, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, National Research Foundation (NRF), and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), AS Grid Center (ASGC), and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan under grants including AS-CDA-105-M06. Institutional Review Board Statement. Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement. Not applicable. Data Availability Statement. Not applicable. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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