QUBIC VI: Cryogenic half wave plate rotator, design and performance
- Creators
- D'Alessandro, G.
- Mele, L.
- Columbro, F.
- Amico, G.
- Battistelli, E. S.
- de Bernardis, P.
- Coppolecchia, A.
- De Petris, M.
- Grandsire, L.
- Hamilton, J.-Ch.
- Lamagna, L.
- Marnieros, S.
- Masi, S.
- Mennella, A.
- O'Sullivan, C.
- Paiella, A.
- Piacentini, F.
- Piat, M.
- Pisano, G.
- Presta, G.
- Tartari, A.
- Torchinsky, S. A.
- Voisin, F.
- Zannoni, M.
- Ade, P.
- Alberro, J. G.
- Almela, A.
- Arnaldi, L. H.
- Auguste, D.
- Aumont, J.
- Azzoni, S.
- Banfi, S.
- Baù, A.
- Bélier, B.
- Bennett, D.
- Bergé, L.
- Bernard, J.-Ph.
- Bersanelli, M.
- Bigot-Sazy, M.-A.
- Bonaparte, J.
- Bonis, J.
- Bunn, E.
- Burke, D.
- Buzi, D.
- Cavaliere, F.
- Chanial, P.
- Chapron, C.
- Charlassier, R.
- Cobos Cerutti, A. C.
- De Gasperis, G.
- De Leo, M.
- Dheilly, S.
- Duca, C.
- Dumoulin, L.
- Etchegoyen, A.
- Fasciszewski, A.
- Ferreyro, L. P.
- Fracchia, D.
- Franceschet, C.
- Gamboa Lerena, M. M.
- Ganga, K. M.
- García, B.
- García Redondo, M. E.
- Gaspard, M.
- Gayer, D.
- Gervasi, M.
- Giard, M.
- Gilles, V.
- Giraud-Heraud, Y.
- Gómez Berisso, M.
- González, M.
- Gradziel, M.
- Hampel, M. R.
- Harari, D.
- Henrot-Versillé, S.
- Incardona, F.
- Jules, E.
- Kaplan, J.
- Kristukat, C.
- Loucatos, S.
- Louis, T.
- Maffei, B.
- Marty, W.
- Mattei, A.
- May, A.
- McCulloch, M.
- Melo, D.
- Montier, L.
- Mousset, L.
- Mundo, L. M.
- Murphy, J. A.
- Murphy, J. D.
- Nati, F.
- Olivieri, E.
- Oriol, C.
- Pajot, F.
- Passerini, A.
- Pastoriza, H.
- Pelosi, A.
- Perbost, C.
- Perciballi, M.
- Pezzotta, F.
- Piccirillo, L.
- Platino, M.
- Polenta, G.
- Prêle, D.
- Puddu, R.
- Rambaud, D.
- Rasztocky, E.
- Ringegni, P.
- Romero, G. E.
- Salum, J. M.
- Schillaci, A.
- Scóccola, C. G.
- Scully, S.
- Spinelli, S.
- Stankowiak, G.
- Stolpovskiy, M.
- Supanitsky, A. D.
- Thermeau, J.-P.
- Timbie, P.
- Tomasi, M.
- Tucker, C.
- Tucker, G.
- Viganò, D.
- Vittorio, N.
- Wicek, F.
- Wright, M.
- Zullo, A.
- QUBIC Collaboration
Abstract
Setting an upper limit or detection of B-mode polarization imprinted by gravitational waves from Inflation is one goal of modern large angular scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments around the world. A great effort is being made in the deployment of many ground-based, balloon-borne and satellite experiments, using different methods to separate this faint polarized component from the incoming radiation. QUBIC exploits one of the most widely-used techniques to extract the input Stokes parameters, consisting in a rotating half-wave plate (HWP) and a linear polarizer to separate and modulate polarization components. QUBIC uses a step-by-step rotating HWP, with 15° steps, combined with a 0.4°s⁻¹ azimuth sky scan speed. The rotation is driven by a stepper motor mounted on the cryostat outer shell to avoid heat load at internal cryogenic stages. The design of this optical element is an engineering challenge due to its large 370 mm diameter and the 8 K operation temperature that are unique features of the QUBIC experiment. We present the design for a modulator mechanism for up to 370 mm, and the first optical tests by using the prototype of QUBIC HWP (180 mm diameter). The tests and results presented in this work show that the QUBIC HWP rotator can achieve a precision of 0.15° in position by using the stepper motor and custom-made optical encoder. The rotation induces <5.0 mW (95% C.L) of power load on the 4 K stage, resulting in no thermal issues on this stage during measurements. We measure a temperature settle-down characteristic time of 28 s after a rotation through a 15° step, compatible with the scanning strategy, and we estimate a maximum temperature gradient within the HWP of ≤ 10 mK. This was calculated by setting up finite element thermal simulations that include the temperature profiles measured during the rotator operations. We report polarization modulation measurements performed at 150 GHz, showing a polarization efficiency >99% (68% C.L.) and a median cross-polarization χ_(Pol) of 0.12%, with 71% of detectors showing a χ_(Pol)+ 2σ upper limit <1%, measured using selected detectors that had the best signal-to-noise ratio.
Additional Information
© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab. Received 25 November 2020; Accepted 2 February 2022; Published 21 April 2022. QUBIC is funded by the following agencies. France: ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) 2012 and 2014, DIM-ACAV (Domaine d'Interet Majeur-Astronomie et Conditions d'Apparition de la Vie), CNRS/IN2P3 (Centre national de la recherche scientifique/Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules), CNRS/INSU (Centre national de la recherche scientifique/Institut national 8 Battistelli et al de sciences de l'univers). Italy: CNR/PNRA (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche/Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide) until 2016, INFN (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) since 2017. Argentina: MINCyT (Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación), CNEA (Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica), CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas). D. Burke and J.D. Murphy acknowledge funding from the Irish Research Council under the Government of Ireland Postgraduate Scholarship Scheme. D. Gayer and S. Scully acknowledge funding from the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. D. Bennett acknowledges funding from Science Foundation Ireland.Attached Files
Accepted Version - 2008.10667.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 114482
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20220427-410919200
- Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)
- Domaine d'Interet Majeur-Astronomie et Conditions d'Apparition de la Vie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3)
- Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Irish Research Council
- National University of Ireland
- Science Foundation, Ireland
- Created
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2022-04-27Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2022-04-27Created from EPrint's last_modified field