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Published February 1, 2022 | Submitted + Published
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SNEWPY: A Data Pipeline from Supernova Simulations to Neutrino Signals

Abstract

Current neutrino detectors will observe hundreds to thousands of neutrinos from Galactic supernovae, and future detectors will increase this yield by an order of magnitude or more. With such a data set comes the potential for a huge increase in our understanding of the explosions of massive stars, nuclear physics under extreme conditions, and the properties of the neutrino. However, there is currently a large gap between supernova simulations and the corresponding signals in neutrino detectors, which will make any comparison between theory and observation very difficult. SNEWPY is an open-source software package that bridges this gap. The SNEWPY code can interface with supernova simulation data to generate from the model either a time series of neutrino spectral fluences at Earth, or the total time-integrated spectral fluence. Data from several hundred simulations of core-collapse, thermonuclear, and pair-instability supernovae is included in the package. This output may then be used by an event generator such as sntools or an event rate calculator such as the SuperNova Observatories with General Long Baseline Experiment Simulator (SNOwGLoBES). Additional routines in the SNEWPY package automate the processing of the generated data through the SNOwGLoBES software and collate its output into the observable channels of each detector. In this paper we describe the contents of the package, the physics behind SNEWPY, the organization of the code, and provide examples of how to make use of its capabilities.

Additional Information

© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Received 2021 September 15; revised 2021 October 25; accepted 2021 October 27; published 2022 January 31. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation "Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics" Program: "WoU-MMA: Collaborative Research: A Next-Generation SuperNova Early Warning System for Multimessenger Astronomy" through grant Nos. 1914448, 1914409, 1914447, 1914418, 1914410, 1914416, and 1914426. This work is also supported at NC State by DOE grant DE-FG02-02ER41216, at King's College London by STFC, and at Stockholm University by the Swedish Research Council (Project No. 2020-00452). Software: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), NumPy (Harris et al. 2020), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020), SNOwGLoBES (Scholberg 2021), sntools (Migenda et al. 2021).

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Published - Baxter_2022_ApJ_925_107.pdf

Submitted - 2109.08188.pdf

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023