TOI-1268b: the youngest, hot, Saturn-mass transiting exoplanet

Creators: Šubjak, J.; Endl, M.; Chaturvedi, P.; Karjalainen, R.; Cochran, W. D.; Esposito, M.; Gandolfi, D.; Lam, K. W. F.; Stassun, K.; Žák, J.; Lodieu, N.; Boffin, H. M. J.; MacQueen, P. J.; Hatzes, A.; Guenther, E. W.; Georgieva, I.; Grziwa, S.; Schmerling, H.; Skarka, M.; Blažek, M.; Karjalainen, M.; Špoková, M.; Isaacson, H.; Howard, A. W.; Burke, C. J.; Van Eylen, V.; Falk, B.; Fridlund, M.; Goffo, E.; Jenkins, J. M.; Korth, J.; Lissauer, J. J.; Livingston, J. H.; Luque, R.; Muresan, A.; Osborn, H. P.; Pallé, E.; Persson, C. M.; Redfield, S.; Ricker, G. R.; Seager, S.; Serrano, L. M.; Smith, A. M. S.; Kabáth, P.

Abstract

We report the discovery of TOI-1268b, a transiting Saturn-mass planet from the TESS space mission. With an age of less than one Gyr, derived from various age indicators, TOI-1268b is the youngest Saturn-mass planet known to date and contributes to the small sample of well characterised young planets. It has an orbital period of P = 8.1577080 ± 0.0000044 days, and transits an early K dwarf star with a mass of M⋆ = 0.96 ± 0.04 M_⊙, a radius of R⋆ = 0.92 ± 0.06 R_⊙, an effective temperature of T_(eff) = 5300 ± 100 K, and a metallicity of 0.36 ± 0.06 dex. By combining TESS photometry with high-resolution spectra acquired with the Tull spectrograph at McDonald observatory, and the high-resolution spectrographs at Tautenburg and Ondrejov observatories, we measured a planetary mass of M_p = 96.4 ± 8.3 M_⊕ and a radius of R_p = 9.1 ± 0.6 R_⊕. TOI-1268 is an ideal system to study the role of star-planet tidal interactions for non-inflated Saturn-mass planets. We used system parameters derived in this paper to constrain the planet tidal quality factor to the range of 10^(4.5−5.3). When compared with the sample of other non-inflated Saturn-mass planets, TOI-1268b is one of the best candidates for transmission spectroscopy studies.

Additional Information

Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). This work was supported by the KESPRINT collaboration, an international consortium devoted to the characterisation and research of exoplanets discovered with space-based missions (www.kesprint.science). JS, RK, MS, MK and PK would like to acknowledge support from MSMT grant LTT-20015. JS and PK acknowledge a travel budget from ERASMUS+ grant 2020-1-CZ01-KA203-078200. JS would like to acknowledge support from the Grant Agency of Charles University: GAUK No. 314421. PC acknowledges the generous support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) of the grant CH 2636/1-1. We are grateful for the generous support by Thüringer Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Digitale Gesellschaft. K.W.F.L. was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grants RA714/14-1 within the DFG Schwerpunkt SPP 1992, Exploring the Diversity of Extrasolar Planets. NL was financially supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P. EG is thankful for the generously supported by the by the Thüringer Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Digitale Gesellschaft and the staff of the Alfred-Jensch-Teleskop. I.G., M.F., J. K., and C.M.P., gratefully acknowledge the support of the Swedish National Space Agency (DNR 174/18, 2020-00104, 65/19). This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K14518. R.L. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, through project PID2019-109522GB-C52, and the Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). LMS gratefully acknowledges financial support from the CRT foundation under Grant No. 2018.2323 "Gaseous or rocky? Unveiling the nature of small worlds". This work has been carried out within the framework of the NCCR PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the use of public TESS data from pipelines at the TESS Science Office and at the TESS Science Processing Operations Center. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This paper includes data collected with the TESS mission, obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This publication makes use of VOSA, developed under the Spanish Virtual Observatory project supported by the Spanish MINECO through grant AyA2017-84089. VOSA has been partially updated by using funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement nº 776403 (EXOPLANETS-A). This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.

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