Significant loophole-free test of Kochen-Specker contextuality using two species of atomic ions
Abstract
Quantum measurements cannot be thought of as revealing preexisting results, even when they do not disturb any other measurement in the same trial. This feature is called contextuality and is crucial for the quantum advantage in computing. Here, we report the observation of quantum contextuality simultaneously free of the detection, sharpness, and compatibility loopholes. The detection and sharpness loopholes are closed by adopting a hybrid two-ion system and highly efficient fluorescence measurements offering a detection efficiency of 100% and a measurement repeatability of >98%. The compatibility loophole is closed by targeting correlations between observables for two different ions in a Paul trap, a ¹⁷¹Yb⁺ ion and a ¹³⁸Ba⁺ ion, chosen so measurements on each ion use different operation laser wavelengths, fluorescence wavelengths, and detectors. The experimental results show a violation of the bound for the most adversarial noncontextual models and open a way to certify quantum systems.
Additional Information
© 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). Submitted 25 June 2021; Accepted 16 December 2021; Published 9 February 2022. We thank C. Budroni for comments. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant nos. 2016YFA0301900 and 2016YFA0301901, the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant nos. 92065205 and 11974200, Project Qdisc (project no. US-15097) with FEDER funds, QuantERA grant SECRET by MINECO (project no. PCI2019-111885-2), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation grant no. 2019A1515111135, and the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province grant no. 2019B030330001. Author contributions: P.W., J.Z., C.-Y.L., M.U., and Y.W. developed the experimental system with the support of M.Q and T.X. A.C. and K.K. conceived the work. J.-N.Z. and A.C. provided theoretical support. P.W., J.Z., and C.-Y.L. led the date taking. P.W. analyzed the data. P.W., J.Z., C.-Y.L. A.C., and K.K. wrote the manuscript with the participation of the other authors. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials.Attached Files
Published - sciadv.abk1660.pdf
Submitted - 2112.13612.pdf
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC8827658
- Eprint ID
- 113358
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20220209-223601755
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- 2016YFA0301900
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- 2016YFA0301901
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 92065205
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 11974200
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
- US-15097
- Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO)
- PCI2019-111885-2
- Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province
- 2019B030330001
- Created
-
2022-02-09Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2022-02-25Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute