A High-Resolution Atlas of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zones
- Creators
- Kwiecinski, Jarek V.
- Babbin, Andrew R.
Abstract
Oxygen deficient zones (ODZs) are important biogeochemical provinces of the global oceans wherein standing dissolved oxygen concentrations decrease to nanomolar levels. Despite their confinement, these regions are disproportionally important to the ocean's role in modulating Earth's climate through the interactions between the marine nitrogen cycle and that of carbon. Moreover, the spatial domain of low oxygen regions of the ocean is predicted to change as a consequence of ocean warming, increased stratification, and changes in circulation and productivity. However, the expanse of the modern ODZs is poorly resolved due to a dearth of direct sampling compounded with errors that arise in the processing and gridding of the sparse measurements that do exist. Here, we take a novel approach to map the horizontal and vertical extent of the two major ODZs of the eastern tropical Pacific via analysis of meter-scale resolution electrode sensors from both ship casts and Argo profiles, rather than from discretized bottle measurements. The resulting three-dimensional data product is based on a compendium of nearly 15 million measurements taken across three decades and provides the precise locations of low oxygen water, elucidating the ODZs' three-dimensional structures. It can be utilized by researchers to validate models, plan cruise occupations, and as a comparison for future change. Calculations made with this high-resolution atlas also provide the volumes, layers of maximal areal extent, and other descriptive statistics for both Pacific ODZs. Finally, the atlas reveals fine-scale features of oxygenated water mass intrusions and regional differences across these anoxic zones.
Additional Information
© 2021. American Geophysical Union. Issue Online: 27 December 2021. Version of Record online: 27 December 2021. Manuscript accepted: 16 November 2021. Manuscript revised: 12 September 2021. Manuscript received: 10 March 2021. The authors thank the captain and crew of the R/V Falkor, particularly Leighton Rolley, for their assistance at sea. The authors further thank the countless scientists, marine technicians, ships' crew, engineers, and funding agencies who enabled the international efforts sampling dissolved oxygen across the globe. The authors are grateful to the data scientists involved with maintaining and publishing data from the Argo, CCHDO, and R2R repositories. The authors appreciate many helpful discussions with Daniele Bianchi, Emily Zakem, Mick Follows, Ryan Woosley, and the bablab in shaping this work. The authors benefitted greatly from the help of Emilio Garcia-Robledo and Niels Peter Revsbech in sharing STOX oxygen data and fruitful discussions on limitations of oxygen sensors. This work was funded by Simons Foundation grant #622065, the MIT Ally of Nature Award, the MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program office, and generous contributions by Dr. Bruce Heflinger. The R/V Falkor ship time was provided by a Schmidt Ocean Institute grant to Karen Casciotti and A. R. Babbin. Data Availability Statement. Gridded data are available through BCO-DMO (https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.865316.1) and are included as Supporting Information S1. The original data are freely available at the Argo (http://www.argodatamgt.org), R2R (https://www.rvdata.us/), and CCHDO (https://cchdo.ucsd.edu/) online repositories.Attached Files
Published - 2021GB007001.pdf
Supplemental Material - 2021gb007001-sup-0001-supporting_information_si-s01.pdf
Supplemental Material - 2021gb007001-sup-0002-data_set_si-s01.nc
Supplemental Material - 2021gb007001-sup-0003-data_set_si-s02.nc
Supplemental Material - 2021gb007001-sup-0004-data_set_si-s03.nc
Supplemental Material - 2021gb007001-sup-0005-data_set_si-s04.nc
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 113022
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20220120-890525000
- 622065
- Simons Foundation
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
- Schmidt Ocean Institute
- Created
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2022-01-21Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2023-10-06Created from EPrint's last_modified field