COSMOS2020: A Panchromatic View of the Universe to z ∼ 10 from Two Complementary Catalogs

Creators: Weaver, J. R.; Kauffmann, O. B.; Ilbert, O.; McCracken, H. J.; Moneti, A.; Toft, S.; Brammer, G.; Shuntov, M.; Davidzon, I.; Hsieh, B. C.; Laigle, C.; Anastasiou, A.; Jespersen, C. K.; Vinther, J.; Capak, P.; Casey, C. M.; McPartland, C. J. R.; Milvang-Jensen, B.; Mobasher, B.; Sanders, D. B.; Zalesky, L.; Arnouts, S.; Aussel, H.; Dunlop, J. S.; Faisst, A.; Franx, M.; Furtak, L. J.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Gould, K. M. L.; Greve, T. R.; Gwyn, S.; Kartaltepe, J. S.; Kashino, D.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Kokorev, V.; Le Fèvre, O.; Lilly, S.; Masters, D.; Magdis, G.; Mehta, V.; Peng, Y.; Riechers, D. A.; Salvato, M.; Sawicki, M.; Scarlata, C.; Scoville, N.; Shirley, R.; Silverman, J. D.; Sneppen, A.; Smolc̆ić, V.; Steinhardt, C.; Stern, D.; Tanaka, M.; Taniguchi, Y.; Teplitz, H. I.; Vaccari, M.; Wang, W.-H.; Zamorani, G.

Abstract

The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) has become a cornerstone of extragalactic astronomy. Since the last public catalog in 2015, a wealth of new imaging and spectroscopic data have been collected in the COSMOS field. This paper describes the collection, processing, and analysis of these new imaging data to produce a new reference photometric redshift catalog. Source detection and multiwavelength photometry are performed for 1.7 million sources across the 2 deg2 of the COSMOS field, ∼966,000 of which are measured with all available broadband data using both traditional aperture photometric methods and a new profile-fitting photometric extraction tool, The Farmer, which we have developed. A detailed comparison of the two resulting photometric catalogs is presented. Photometric redshifts are computed for all sources in each catalog utilizing two independent photometric redshift codes. Finally, a comparison is made between the performance of the photometric methodologies and of the redshift codes to demonstrate an exceptional degree of self-consistency in the resulting photometric redshifts. The i i < 27 reach a precision of 5%. Finally, these results are discussed in the context of previous, current, and future surveys in the COSMOS field. Compared to COSMOS2015, it reaches the same photometric redshift precision at almost one magnitude deeper. Both photometric catalogs and their photometric redshift solutions and physical parameters will be made available through the usual astronomical archive systems (ESO Phase 3, IPAC-IRSA, and CDS).

Additional Information

© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Received 2020 December 23; revised 2021 September 30; accepted 2021 October 15; published 2022 January 10. This paper is dedicated to Olivier Le Fèvre. Spectroscopic redshifts from his VIMOS instrument (often collected in surveys that he designed and led) played an invaluable role in preparing this catalog. The authors thank Nathaniel Strickley, Dustin Lang, Clara Giménez Arteaga, Istvan Szápudi, Andrew Repp, and Emmanuel Bertin for helpful discussions. We are also grateful for the many helpful and constructive comments from the anonymous referee. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the entire COSMOS collaboration consisting of more than 100 scientists. The HST COSMOS program was supported through NASA grant HST-GO-09822. More information on the COSMOS survey is available at https://cosmos.astro.caltech.edu/. The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant No. 140. S.T., G.B., and J.W. acknowledge support from the European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant funding scheme (project ConTExt, grant No. 648179). O.I. acknowledges the funding of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche for the project "SAGACE". H.J.Mc.C. acknowledges support from the PNCG. I.D. has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 896225. This work used the CANDIDE computer system at the IAP supported by grants from the PNCG and the DIM-ACAV and maintained by S. Rouberol. B.M.J. is supported in part by Independent Research Fund Denmark grant DFF—7014–00017. C.M.C. thanks the National Science Foundation for support through grants AST-1714528, AST-1814034 and AST-2009577, and additionally the University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences, and the Research Corporation for Science Advancement from a 2019 Cottrell Scholar Award sponsored by IF/THEN, an initiative of Lydia Hill Philanthropies. The work of D.S. was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. J.D.S. is supported by KAKENHI (26400221) through the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan. G.E.M. acknowledges the Villum Fonden research grant 13160 "Gas to stars, stars to dust: tracing star formation across cosmic time." D.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant numbers AST-1614213 and AST-1910107. D.R. also acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Experienced Researchers. M.S. acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. This work is based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under ESO program ID 179.A-2005 and on data products produced by CALET and the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit on behalf of the UltraVISTA consortium. This work is based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the Data Archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W.M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W.M. Keck Foundation. This research is also partly supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). These data were obtained and processed as part of the CFHT Large Area U-band Deep Survey (CLAUDS), which is a collaboration between astronomers from Canada, France, and China described in Sawicki et al. (2019, MNRAS 489, 5202). CLAUDS is based on observations obtained with MegaPrime/ MegaCam, a joint project of CFHT and CEA/DAPNIA, at the CFHT which is operated by the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada, the Institut National des Science de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) of France, and the University of Hawaii. CLAUDS uses data obtained in part through the Telescope Access Program (TAP), which has been funded by the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Special Fund for Astronomy from the Ministry of Finance of China. CLAUDS uses data products from TERAPIX and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC) and was carried out using resources from Compute Canada and Canadian Advanced Network For Astrophysical Research (CANFAR). Authors contributed to the paper as follows: A.M., H.J.Mc.C., P.C., S.G. processed the imaging data; J.W., O.K., I.D., M.Sh., and B.C.H. produced the photometric catalogs; J.W., O.I., and G.B. produced the photometric redshifts and physical parameters catalogs; H.J.Mc.C. and S.T. supervised this study. All of these authors contributed to the validation and testing of the catalogs. The second group of authors (C.L. to Z.L.) covers those who have either made a significant contribution to assemble the data products or to the scientific analysis. The remaining authors (S.A. to G.Z.) contributed in a some way to the data products, conceptualization, validation, and/or analysis of this work. Facilities: ESO:VISTA - European Southern Observatory's 4.1 meter Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy, Subaru(HSC) - , Spitzer(IRAC) - , CFHT - , GALEX - , HST - , Gaia. - Software: numpy (van der Walt et al. 2011), matplotlib (Hunter 2007), astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013, 2018), SExtractor (Bertin & Arnouts 1996), PSFEx (Bertin 2013), The Tractor (Lang et al. 2016), and The Farmer (J. R. Weaver et al. 2022, in preparation).

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