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Published December 1, 2021 | Accepted Version + Published
Journal Article Open

Constraining Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature Evolution With Sunyaev–Zel'Dovich Galaxy Clusters from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

Abstract

The Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect introduces a specific distortion of the blackbody spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation when it scatters off hot gas in clusters of galaxies. The frequency dependence of the distortion is only independent of the cluster redshift when the evolution of the CMB radiation is adiabatic. Using 370 clusters within the redshift range 0.07 ≲ z ≲ 1.4 from the largest SZ-selected cluster sample to date from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, we provide new constraints on the deviation of CMB temperature evolution from the standard model α = 0.017_(-0.032)^(+0.029), where T(z) = T₀(1 + z)^(1-α). This result is consistent with no deviation from the standard adiabatic model. Combining it with previous, independent data sets we obtain a joint constraint of α = −0.001 ± 0.012. Attributing deviation from adiabaticity to the decay of dark energy, this result constrains its effective equation of state w_(eff) = -0.998_(-0.010)^(+0.008).

Additional Information

© 2021. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2021 June 23; revised 2021 September 11; accepted 2021 September 13; published 2021 November 26. We thank Jens Chluba and the anonymous reviewer, whose comments have improved this work. ACT was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698, AST-0965625, and AST-1440226 for the ACT project, as well as awards PHY-0355328, PHY-0855887, and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronómico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Chilean National Agency for Research and Development (ANID). The development of multichroic detectors and lenses was supported by NASA grants NNX13AE56G and NNX14AB58G. Detector research at NIST was supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. Computations were performed on Hippo at the University of KwaZulu-Natal; data products used in this work also relied on computations on Cori at NERSC as part of the CMB Community allocation, on the Niagara supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium, and on Feynman and Tiger at Princeton Research Computing. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund–Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto. A.D.H. is grateful for support from the Sutton Family Chair in Science, Christianity and Cultures. SKC acknowledges support from NSF award AST-2001866. R.H. acknowledges funding from the NSERC Discovery Grants program, CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. K.M. and M.H. acknowledge support from the National Research Foundation of South Africa (grant number 112132). N.S. acknowledges support from NSF (grant number AST-1907657). C.S. acknowledges support from the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID) under FONDECYT (grant number 11191125). Z.X. is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Software: Astropy (Astropy Collaboration et al. 2013), NumPy (van der Walt et al. 2011), SciPy (Virtanen et al. 2020) Matplotlib (Hunter 2007), Cython (Behnel et al. 2011), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), GPy (GPy 2012).

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Published - Li_2021_ApJ_922_136.pdf

Accepted Version - 2106.12467.pdf

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023