Timescales of magma transport in the Columbia River flood basalts, determined by paleomagnetic data
- Creators
- Biasi, Joseph
- Karlstrom, Leif
Abstract
Flood basalts represent major events in Earth History, in part because they are linked to large climate perturbations and mass extinctions. However, the durations of individual flood basalt eruptions, which directly impact potential environmental crises, are poorly constrained. Here we use a combination of paleomagnetic data and thermal modeling to create a magnetic geothermometer (MGT) that can constrain the active transport lifetime of magmatic conduits and intrusions. We apply the MGT technique to eight feeder dike segments of the Columbia River basalts (CRB), demonstrating that some dike segments were actively heating host rocks for less than one month, while other segments may have been active for several years. Results suggest that eruption rates, localized spatially along-strike of dike segments, were as high as 1–8 km³ day⁻¹. These results help contextualize field evidence for contrasting CRB eruption durations and suggest a pathway for constraining the tempo of global flood basalt magmatism that is beyond the resolution of geochronology.
Additional Information
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Received 17 January 2021, Revised 7 August 2021, Accepted 16 August 2021, Available online 20 October 2021. The authors wish to thank Samuel Piascik, Marcel Griffioen, and Sydney Acito for their assistance with the project. Matthew Morris is thanked for his digitization of CRB dike data and suggestions for where to sample. The University of Oregon field camp is acknowledged for logistical support. Anita Grunder is thanked for helpful discussions regarding previous work. Joseph Kirschvink is greatly thanked for helpful discussions and use of his paleomagnetic laboratory. This work was supported in part by NSF CAREER 1848554 to LK and a GSA AGeS2 award to JB. Data availability: All paleomagnetic data are available via the MagIC database at https://earthref.org/MagIC/19000. Matlab code required to reproduce thermal modeling results may be downloaded from Github: https://github.com/leifkarlstrom/dike_conductiveheating_1d. CRediT authorship contribution statement: Joseph Biasi: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Leif Karlstrom: Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Attached Files
Published - 1-s2.0-S0012821X21004246-main.pdf
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0012821X21004246-mmc1.docx
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0012821X21004246-mmc2.xlsx
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 112021
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20211123-211705897
- EAR-1848554
- NSF
- Geological Society of America
- Created
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2021-11-23Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-23Created from EPrint's last_modified field