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Published December 2021 | Accepted Version + Published
Journal Article Open

TIC 172900988: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet Detected in One Sector of TESS Data

Abstract

We report the first discovery of a transiting circumbinary planet detected from a single sector of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. During Sector 21, the planet TIC 172900988b transited the primary star and then five days later it transited the secondary star. The binary is itself eclipsing, with a period P ≈ 19.7 days and an eccentricity e ≈ 0.45. Archival data from ASAS-SN, Evryscope, KELT, and SuperWASP reveal a prominent apsidal motion of the binary orbit, caused by the dynamical interactions between the binary and the planet. A comprehensive photodynamical analysis of the TESS, archival and follow-up data yields stellar masses and radii of M₁ = 1.2384 ±0.0007 M_⊙ and R₁ = 1.3827 ± 0.0016 R_⊙ for the primary and M₂ = 1.2019 ± 0.0007 M_⊙ and R₂ = 1.3124 ± 0.0012 R_⊙ for the secondary. The radius of the planet is R₃ = 11.25 ± 0.44 R_⊕ (1.004 ± 0.039 R_(Jup)). The planet's mass and orbital properties are not uniquely determined—there are six solutions with nearly equal likelihood. Specifically, we find that the planet's mass is in the range of 824 ≲ M₃ ≲ 981 M⊕ (2.65 ≲ M₃ ≲ 3.09 M_(Jup)), its orbital period could be 188.8, 190.4, 194.0, 199.0, 200.4, or 204.1 days, and the eccentricity is between 0.02 and 0.09. At V = 10.141 mag, the system is accessible for high-resolution spectroscopic observations, e.g., the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect and transit spectroscopy.

Additional Information

© 2021. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2021 May 13; revised 2021 August 18; accepted 2021 August 26; published 2021 November 10. This paper includes data collected by the TESS mission, which are publicly available from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by NASA's Science Mission directorate. V.B.K. is thankful for support from NASA grants 80NSSC20K0054 and 80NSSC20K0850. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF AST-1617004 to W.F.W. and J.A.O.. We are also deeply grateful to John Hood, Jr. for his generous support of exoplanet research at San Diego State University. D.J.S. is supported as an Eberly Research Fellow by the Eberly College of Science at The Pennsylvania State University. The Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds is supported by The Pennsylvania State University, the Eberly College of Science, and the Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium. N.H. acknowledges support from NASA XRP through grant No. 80NSSC18K051. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HF2-51464 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center, and through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. Personnel directly supporting this effort were Mark L. Carroll, Laura E. Carriere, Ellen M. Salmon, Nicko D. Acks, Matthew J. Stroud, Bruce E. Pfaff, Lyn E. Gerner, Timothy M. Burch, and Savannah L. Strong. This research has made use of the Exoplanet Follow-up Observation Program website, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program. Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center for the production of the SPOC data products. This research was supported in part through research cyberinfrastructure resources and services provided by the Partnership for an Advanced Computing Environment (PACE) at the Georgia Institute of Technology. This is University of Texas Center for Planetary Systems Habitability contribution #0035. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. This work makes use of observations from the LCOGT network. LCOGT telescope time was granted by NOIRLab through the Mid-Scale Innovations Program (MSIP). MSIP is funded by NSF. Based in part on observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope, which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium. Based in part on observations made at Observatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS), France. The SOPHIE observations were obtained under an OHP DDT program (PI Triaud) and this work received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 803193/BEBOP) as well as from the Leverhulme Trust (research project grant No. RPG-2018-418). This work makes use of observations from CHEOPS, which is an ESA mission in partnership with Switzerland with important contributions to the payload and the ground segment from Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. We thank Kate Isaak, the ESA CHEOPS Project Science Scientist, and the CHEOPS Science Operations Centre for their help and support with the CHEOPS observations. The ongoing AAVSO Photometric All-Sky Survey (APASS) is funded by the Robert Martin Ayers Sciences Fund. Facilities: Gaia - , CHEOPS - , MAST - , TESS - , ASAS-SN - , Evryscope - , KELT - , WASP - , NCCS - , LCOGT. - Software: AstroImageJ (Collins et al. 2017), ELC (Orosz et al. 2019,), eleanor (Feinstein et al. 2019), EXOFASTv2 (Eastman et al. 2019), TAPIR (Jensen et al. 2013), mercury6 (Chambers et al.2002), Rebound (Rein & Liu 2012; Rein & Spiegel 2015) http://astroutils.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/time/.

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Published - Kostov_2021_AJ_162_234.pdf

Accepted Version - 2105.08614.pdf

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023