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Published December 2021 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

The influence of frailty on postoperative complications in geriatric patients receiving single-level lumbar fusion surgery

Abstract

Purpose: This study evaluates the influence of patient frailty status on postoperative complications in those receiving single-level lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: The nationwide readmission database was retrospectively queried between 2016 and 2017 for all patients receiving single-level lumbar fusion surgery. Readmissions were analyzed at 30, 90, and 180 days from primary discharge. Demographics, frailty status, and relevant complications were queried at index admission and all readmission intervals. Complications of interest included infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), posthemorrhagic anemia, inpatient length of stay (LOS), and adjusted all-payer costs. Nearest-neighbor propensity score matching for demographics was implemented to identify non-frail control patients with similar diagnoses and procedures. The analysis used nonparametric Mann–Whitney U testing and odds ratios. Results: Comparing propensity-matched cohorts revealed significantly greater LOS and total all-payer inpatient costs in frail patients than non-frail patients with comparable demographics and comorbidities (p < 0.0001 for both). Furthermore, frail patients encountered higher rates of UTI (OR: 3.97, 95%CI: 3.21–4.95, p < 0.0001), infection (OR: 6.87, 95%CI: 4.55–10.86, p < 0.0001), and posthemorrhagic anemia (OR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.71–2.19, p < 0.0001) immediately following surgery. Frail patients had significantly higher rates of 30-day (OR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.02–1.51, p = 0.035), 90-day (OR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.17–1.63, p < 0.001), and 180-day (OR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.30–1.85, p < 0.0001) readmissions. Lastly, frail patients had higher rates of infection at 30-day (OR: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.05–2.46, p = 0.027) and 90-day (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.07–2.16, p = 0.020) readmission intervals. Conclusions: Patient frailty status may serve as an important predictor of postoperative outcomes in patients receiving single-level lumbar fusion surgery.

Additional Information

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021. Received 11 January 2021; Revised 29 June 2021; Accepted 08 August 2021; Published 16 August 2021. No sources of funding were used for this study. Shane Shahrestani and Andy Ton have contributed equally. Data availability: No patient identifiers were collected, as we used a publicly available nationally representative database purchased through the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project website. No unique code was developed, and standard statistical software (RStudio) and tests were used. Conflict of interest: No conflicts of interest for the current study. Disclosures outside of submitted work: ZB-consultancy: Cerapedics (past), Xenco Medical (past), AO Spine (past); Research Support: SeaSpine (past, paid to the institution), Medical Metrics (paid directly to institution), Next Science (paid directly to institution); North American Spine Society: committee member; Lumbar Spine Society: Co-chair Education committee, AOSpine Knowledge Forum Degenerative: Associate member; AOSNA Research committee-committee member; JCW- Royalties—Biomet, Seaspine, Amedica, DePuy Synthes; Investments/Options—Bone Biologics, Pearldiver, Electrocore, Surgitech; Board of Directors—AO Foundation, American Orthopaedic Association, Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics; Editorial Boards—Spine, The Spine Journal, Clinical Spine Surgery, Global Spine Journal; Fellowship Funding (paid directly to institution): AO Foundation.

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Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023