Welcome to the new version of CaltechAUTHORS. Login is currently restricted to library staff. If you notice any issues, please email coda@library.caltech.edu
Published October 19, 2021 | Published
Journal Article Open

How Antibodies Recognize Pathogenic Viruses: Structural Correlates of Antibody Neutralization of HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and Zika

Abstract

The H1N1 pandemic of 2009-2010, MERS epidemic of 2012, Ebola epidemics of 2013-2016 and 2018-2020, Zika epidemic of 2015-2016, and COVID-19 pandemic of 2019-2021, are recent examples in the long history of epidemics that demonstrate the enormous global impact of viral infection. The rapid development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics has proven vital to reducing morbidity and mortality from newly emerging viruses. Structural biology methods can be used to determine how antibodies elicited during infection or vaccination target viral proteins and identify viral epitopes that correlate with potent neutralization. Here we review how structural and molecular biology approaches have contributed to our understanding of antibody recognition of pathogenic viruses, specifically HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and Zika. Determining structural correlates of neutralization of viruses has guided the design of vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and small molecule inhibitors in response to the global threat of viral epidemics.

Additional Information

© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Received: 16 September 2021; Accepted: 12 October 2021; Published: 19 October 2021. We would like to thank members of the Bjorkman laboratory for helpful discussions; the Caltech Merkin Institute for Translational Research for resources that enable our work; the Caltech Beckman Institute Resource Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy for support in cryo-EM projects; the Gordon and Betty Moore and Beckman Foundations for gifts to support the Molecular Observatory at Caltech, which provides aid for protein crystallization; and the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), which provides data collection capabilities for X-ray crystallography. Finally, we are grateful for Rosalind Franklin's contributions to structural biology and for her brazen career as a female scientist that continues to embolden researchers, especially women. This research was supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Grant HIVRAD P01 AI100148, a George Mason University Fast Grant GMU.SARSCOV2, an NSF GRFP (to M.E.A.), a NIH National Research Service Award Fellowship F30AI147579 (S.R.E.), NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences Training Grant T32-GM008042 (to S.R.E.) through the University of California, Los Angeles–California Institute of Technology Medical Scientist Training Program, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant AI138938. This work was supported, in whole or in part, by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant INV-002143). Under the grant conditions of the Foundation, a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Generic License has already been assigned to the Author Accepted Manuscript version that might arise from this submission. Author Contributions: M.E.A., K.-M.A.D., S.R.E., and C.A.J. wrote and edited this review article with critical reading and editing by P.J.B. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest for this work. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.

Attached Files

Published - viruses-13-02106-v2.pdf

Files

viruses-13-02106-v2.pdf
Files (5.1 MB)
Name Size Download all
md5:a6c483fc9d4d85200085c134f8eb0771
5.1 MB Preview Download

Additional details

Created:
October 5, 2023
Modified:
December 22, 2023