Internal Conversion between Bright (1¹Bᵤ⁺) and Dark (2¹Ag⁻) States in s-trans-Butadiene and s-trans-Hexatriene

Abstract

Internal conversion (IC) between the two lowest singlet excited states, 1¹B_u⁺ and 2¹A_g⁻, of s-trans-butadiene and s-trans-hexatriene is investigated using a series of single- and multi- reference wave function and density functional theory (DFT) methodologies. Three independent types of the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOMCC) theory capable of providing an accurate and balanced description of one- as well as two-electron transitions, abbreviated as δ-CR-EOMCC(2,3), DIP-EOMCC(4h2p){N₀}, and DEA-EOMCC(4p2h){N_u} or DEA-EOMCC(3p1h,4p2h){N_u}, consistently predict that the 1¹B_u⁺/2¹A_g⁻ crossing in both molecules occurs along the bond length alternation coordinate. However, the analogous 1¹B_u⁺ and 2¹A_g⁻ potentials obtained with some multireference approaches, such as CASSCF and MRCIS(D), as well as with the linear-response formulation of time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), do not cross. Hence, caution needs to be exercised when studying the low-lying singlet excited states of polyenes with conventional multiconfigurational methods and TDDFT. The multistate many-body perturbation theory methods, such as XMCQDPT2, do correctly reproduce the curve crossing. Among the simplest and least expensive computational methodologies, the DFT approaches that incorporate the contributions of doubly excited configurations, abbreviated as MRSF (mixed reference spin-flip) TDDFT and SSR(4,4), accurately reproduce our best EOMCC results. This is highly promising for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations in larger systems.

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