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Published July 7, 2021 | Published
Journal Article Open

An operational overview of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Northeast Pacific field deployment

Abstract

The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we introduce the first EXPORTS field deployment to Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer of 2018, providing context for other papers in this special collection. The experiment was conducted with two ships: a Process Ship, focused on ecological rates, BGC fluxes, temporal changes in food web, and BGC and optical properties, that followed an instrumented Lagrangian float; and a Survey Ship that sampled BGC and optical properties in spatial patterns around the Process Ship. An array of autonomous underwater assets provided measurements over a range of spatial and temporal scales, and partnering programs and remote sensing observations provided additional observational context. The oceanographic setting was typical of late-summer conditions at Ocean Station Papa: a shallow mixed layer, strong vertical and weak horizontal gradients in hydrographic properties, sluggish sub-inertial currents, elevated macronutrient concentrations and low phytoplankton abundances. Although nutrient concentrations were consistent with previous observations, mixed layer chlorophyll was lower than typically observed, resulting in a deeper euphotic zone. Analyses of surface layer temperature and salinity found three distinct surface water types, allowing for diagnosis of whether observed changes were spatial or temporal. The 2018 EXPORTS field deployment is among the most comprehensive biological pump studies ever conducted. A second deployment to the North Atlantic Ocean occurred in spring 2021, which will be followed by focused work on data synthesis and modeling using the entire EXPORTS data set.

Additional Information

© 2021 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The EXPORTS Science Team would like to acknowledge support from the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program and the National Science Foundation Biological and Chemical Oceanography programs. Thanks go to the captains and crews of the R/Vs Revelle and Ride and to the Ship Operations staff of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. We are grateful for the support of our collaborators from Canadian Line P program and OOI. Special thanks to Paula Bontempi (formally NASA HQ), Laura Lorenzoni (NASA HQ), Mike Sieracki (NSF BIO-OCE), and Quincy Allison and his team (NASA AMES) for their vision and support throughout the development and implementation of the EXPORTS field campaign. Data accessibility statement: Data sets used in this paper can be found at: EXPORTS, 2018, SeaBASS, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/SeaBASS/EXPORTS/DATA001. EXPORTS, 2018, BCO-DMO, https://www.bco-dmo.org/program/757397 (individual doi listed). Funding: DAS, NN, KB, EF, SK, AB, AM, UP: NASA 80NSSC17K0692. MJB, EB, JG, LG, KH, LKB, JF, NH: NASA 80NSSC17K0568. KB, CBN, LR, MRM: NASA 80NSSC17K0555. CC, DH, BS: NASA 80NSSC18K0437. HC: NSF 1830016. BP, KDS: NSF 1829425. ME, KB, CD, MO: NASA 80NSSC17K0662. AF: NSF 1756932. BJ, KB, MB, SB, SC: NSF 1756442. PH, OM, JML: NSF 1829614. CL, ED, DN, MO, MJP, AT, ZN, ST: NASA 80NSSC17K0663. AM, NC, SG, WT, AN, WG: NASA 80NSSC17K0552. SMD, TR, HM, FM: NASA 80NSSC17K0716. CR, HS: NASA 80NSSC17K0700. AS, PB: NASA 80NSSC18K1431. DS, AM, KS NASA 80NSSC17K0654. BVM: NSF 1756254. XZ, DG, LG, YH: NASA 80NSSC17K0656 and 80NSSC20K0350. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Author contributions: Contributed to conception and design: DAS, IC, JRG, CL, NN, MJP, ISR, DKS, KB, RH, AJF, DN, MMO, AT. Contributed to acquisition of data: All. Contributed to analysis and interpretation of data: DAS, IC, JRG, CL, NN, MJP, ISR, DKS, KB, RH, AJF, DN, MMO, MR, AT. Drafted and/or revised the article: All. Approved the submitted version for publication: All.

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023