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Published October 7, 2021 | Supplemental Material
Journal Article Open

3D Temporary-Magnetized Soft Robotic Structures for Enhanced Energy Harvesting

Abstract

The advent of functional materials offers tremendous potential in a broad variety of areas such as electronics, robotics, and energy devices. Magnetic materials are an attractive candidate that enable multifunctional devices with capabilities in both sensing and actuation. However, current magnetic devices, especially those with complex motion modalities, rely on permanently magnetized materials with complicated, non-uniform magnetization profiles. Here, based on magnetic materials with temporary-magnetization, a mechanically guided assembly process successfully converts laser-patterned 2D magnetic materials into judiciously engineered 3D structures, with dimensions and geometries ranging from mesoscale 3D filaments, to arrayed centimeter-scale 3D membranes. With tailorable mechanical properties and highly adjustable geometries, 3D soft structures can exhibit various tethered locomotions under the precise control of magnetic fields, including local deformation, unidirectional tilting, and omnidirectional rotation, and can serve as dynamic surfaces for further integration with other functional materials or devices. Examples demonstrated here focus on energy-harvesting systems, including 3D piezoelectric devices for noncontact conversion of mechanical energy and active motion sensing, as well as 3D solar tracking systems. The design strategy and resulting magnetic-controlled 3D soft structures hold great promise not only for enhanced energy harvesting, but also for multimodal sensing, robotic interfaces, and biomedical devices.

Additional Information

© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Issue Online: 05 October 2021; Version of Record online: 15 August 2021; Manuscript revised: 09 June 2021; Manuscript received: 08 April 2021. This work was supported by National Key R&D Project from Ministry of Science and Technology, China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0108100 and 2016YFA0202701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61674004). Author Contributions: L.M and Y.S. contributed equally to this work. H.Z., L.M. and Y.S. initiated the concept. L.M., Y.S., Z.R., C.X., and M.H. designed the experiments; L.M. and Y.S. led the experiments and collected the overall data; L.M., Y.S., and M.H. performed the simulation and modeling. Y.S., L.M., Z.R., C.X., J.W. and H.W. contributed to output characterization; Y.S., L.M., Z.R., H.W., H.G., Z.X., M.H., and H.Z. contributed the data analysis and co-wrote the paper. All authors provided the feedback on the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Data Availability Statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Additional details

Created:
August 22, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023