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Published July 1, 2021 | Published + Accepted Version
Journal Article Open

Observation of Gravitational Waves from Two Neutron Star–Black Hole Coalescences

Abbott, R.
Abbott, T. D.
Abraham, S.
Acernese, F.
Ackley, K.
Adams, A.
Adams, C.
Adhikari, R. X. ORCID icon
Adya, V. B.
Affeldt, C.
Agarwal, D.
Agathos, M.
Agatsuma, K.
Aggarwal, N.
Aguiar, O. D.
Aiello, L.
Ain, A.
Ajith, P.
Akutsu, T.
Aleman, K. M.
Allen, G.
Allocca, A.
Altin, P. A.
Amato, A.
Anand, S. ORCID icon
Ananyeva, A.
Anderson, S. B. ORCID icon
Anderson, W. G.
Ando, M.
Angelova, S. V.
Ansoldi, S.
Antelis, J. M.
Antier, S.
Appert, S.
Arai, Koya
Arai, Koji ORCID icon
Arai, Y.
Araki, S.
Araya, A.
Araya, M. C. ORCID icon
Areeda, J. S.
Arène, M.
Aritomi, N.
Arnaud, N.
Aronson, S. M.
Arun, K. G.
Asada, H.
Asali, Y.
Ashton, G.
Aso, Y.
Aston, S. M.
Astone, P.
Aubin, F.
Aufmuth, P.
AultONeal, K.
Austin, C.
Babak, S.
Badaracco, F.
Bader, M. K. M.
Bae, S.
Bae, Y.
Baer, A. M.
Bagnasco, S.
Bai, Y.
Baiotti, L.
Baird, J.
Bajpai, R.
Ball, M.
Ballardin, G.
Ballmer, S. W.
Bals, M.
Balsamo, A.
Baltus, G.
Banagiri, S.
Bankar, D.
Bankar, R. S.
Barayoga, J. C.
Barbieri, C.
Barish, B. C. ORCID icon
Barker, D.
Barneo, P.
Barone, F.
Barr, B.
Barsotti, L.
Barsuglia, M.
Barta, D.
Bartlett, J.
Barton, M. A.
Bartos, I.
Bassiri, R.
Basti, A.
Bawaj, M.
Bayley, J. C.
Baylor, A. C.
Bazzan, M.
Bécsy, B.
Bedakihale, V. M.
Bejger, M.
Belahcene, I.
Benedetto, V.
Beniwal, D.
Benjamin, M. G.
Benkel, R.
Bennett, T. F.
Bentley, J. D.
BenYaala, M.
Bergamin, F.
Berger, B. K.
Bernuzzi, S.
Berry, C. P. L.
Bersanetti, D.
Bertolini, A.
Betzwieser, J.
Bhandare, R.
Bhandari, A. V.
Bhattacharjee, D.
Bhaumik, S.
Bidler, J.
Bilenko, I. A.
Billingsley, G. ORCID icon
Birney, R.
Birnholtz, O.
Biscans, S. ORCID icon
Bischi, M.
Biscoveanu, S. ORCID icon
Bisht, A.
Biswas, B. ORCID icon
Bitossi, M.
Bizouard, M.-A. ORCID icon
Blackburn, J. K. ORCID icon
Blackman, J. ORCID icon
Blair, C. D.
Blair, D. G.
Blair, R. M.
Bobba, F.
Bode, N.
Boer, M.
Bogaert, G.
Boldrini, M.
Bondu, F.
Bonilla, E.
Bonnand, R.
Booker, P.
Boom, B. A.
Bork, R.
Boschi, V.
Bose, N.
Bose, S.
Bossilkov, V.
Boudart, V.
Bouffanais, Y.
Bozzi, A.
Bradaschia, C.
Brady, P. R.
Bramley, A.
Branch, A.
Branchesi, M.
Brau, J. E.
Breschi, M.
Briant, T.
Briggs, J. H.
Brillet, A.
Brinkmann, M.
Brockill, P.
Brooks, A. F. ORCID icon
Brooks, J.
Brown, D. D.
Brunett, S.
Bruno, G.
Bruntz, R.
Bryant, J.
Buikema, A.
Bulik, T.
Bulten, H. J.
Buonanno, A.
Buscicchio, R. ORCID icon
Buskulic, D.
Byer, R. L.
Cadonati, L.
Caesar, M.
Cagnoli, G.
Cahillane, C. ORCID icon
Cain III, H. W.
Calderón Bustillo, J. ORCID icon
Callaghan, J. D.
Callister, T. A. ORCID icon
Calloni, E.
Camp, J. B.
Canepa, M.
Cannavacciuolo, M.
Cannon, K. C.
Cao, H.
Cao, J.
Cao, Z.
Capocasa, E. ORCID icon
Capote, E.
Carapella, G.
Carbognani, F.
Carlin, J. B.
Carney, M. F.
Carpinelli, M.
Carullo, G.
Carver, T. L.
Casanueva Diaz, J.
Casentini, C.
Castaldi, G.
Caudill, S.
Cavaglià, M.
Cavalier, F.
Cavalieri, R.
Cella, G.
Cerdá-Durán, P.
Cesarini, E. ORCID icon
Chaibi, W.
Chakravarti, K.
Champion, B.
Chan, C.-H.
Chan, C.
Chan, C. L.
Chan, M.
Chandra, K.
Chanial, P.
Chao, S.
Charlton, P.
Chase, E. A.
Chassande-Mottin, E.
Chatterjee, D.
Chaturvedi, M.
Chatziioannou, K. ORCID icon
Chen, A.
Chen, C.
Chen, H. Y.
Chen, J.
Chen, K.
Chen, X.
Chen, Y.-B. ORCID icon
Chen, Y.-R.
Chen, Z.
Cheng, H.
Cheong, C. K.
Cheung, H. Y.
Chia, H. Y.
Chiadini, F.
Chiang, C-Y.
Chierici, R.
Chincarini, A.
Chiofalo, M. L.
Chiummo, A. ORCID icon
Cho, G.
Cho, H. S.
Choate, S.
Choudhary, R. K.
Choudhary, S.
Christensen, N. ORCID icon
Chu, H.
Chu, Q.
Chu, Y-K.
Chua, S.
Chung, K. W.
Ciani, G.
Ciecielag, P.
Cieślar, M.
Cifaldi, M.
Ciobanu, A. A.
Ciolfi, R.
Cipriano, F.
Cirone, A.
Clara, F.
Clark, E. N.
Clark, J. A.
Clarke, L.
Clearwater, P.
Clesse, S.
Cleva, F.
Coccia, E.
Cohadon, P.-F.
Cohen, D. E.
Cohen, L.
Colleoni, M.
Collette, C. G.
Colpi, M.
Compton, C. M.
Constancio, M., Jr.
Conti, L.
Cooper, S. J.
Corban, P.
Corbitt, T. R.
Cordero-Carrión, I. ORCID icon
Corezzi, S.
Corley, K. R.
Cornish, N.
Corre, D.
Corsi, A.
Cortese, S.
Costa, C. A.
Cotesta, R.
Coughlin, M. W. ORCID icon
Coughlin, S. B.
Coulon, J.-P.
Countryman, S. T.
Cousins, B.
Couvares, P. ORCID icon
Covas, P. B.
Coward, D. M.
Cowart, M. J.
Coyne, D. C. ORCID icon
Coyne, R.
Creighton, J. D. E.
Creighton, T. D.
Criswell, A. W.
Croquette, M. ORCID icon
Crowder, S. G.
Cudell, J. R.
Cullen, T. J.
Cumming, A.
Cummings, R.
Cuoco, E.
Curyło, M.
Dal Canton, T. ORCID icon
Dálya, G.
Dana, A.
DaneshgaranBajastani, L. M.
D'Angelo, B. ORCID icon
Danilishin, S. L.
D'Antonio, S.
Danzmann, K.
Darsow-Fromm, C. ORCID icon
Dasgupta, A.
Datrier, L. E. H. ORCID icon
Dattilo, V.
Dave, I.
Davier, M.
Davies, G. S.
Davis, D. ORCID icon
Daw, E. J.
Dean, R.
DeBra, D.
Deenadayalan, M.
Degallaix, J. ORCID icon
De Laurentis, M. ORCID icon
Deléglise, S. ORCID icon
Del Favero, V.
De Lillo, F. ORCID icon
De Lillo, N. ORCID icon
Del Pozzo, W. ORCID icon
DeMarchi, L. M. ORCID icon
De Matteis, F. ORCID icon
D'Emilio, V.
Demos, N.
Dent, T.
Depasse, A. ORCID icon
De Pietri, R. ORCID icon
De Rosa, R. ORCID icon
De Rossi, C.
DeSalvo, R. ORCID icon
De Simone, R. ORCID icon
Dhurandhar, S.
Díaz, M. C.
Diaz-Ortiz, M., Jr.
Didio, N. A.
Dietrich, T.
Di Fiore, L.
Di Fronzo, C.
Di Giorgio, C. ORCID icon
Di Giovanni, F. ORCID icon
Di Girolamo, T. ORCID icon
Di Lieto, A. ORCID icon
Ding, B.
Di Pace, S. ORCID icon
Di Palma, I. ORCID icon
Di Renzo, F. ORCID icon
Divakarla, A. K.
Dmitriev, A. ORCID icon
Doctor, Z.
D'Onofrio, L. ORCID icon
Donovan, F.
Dooley, K. L.
Doravari, S.
Dorrington, I.
Drago, M.
Driggers, J. C.
Drori, Y. ORCID icon
Du, Z.
Ducoin, J.-G.
Dupej, P.
Durante, O.
D'Urso, D.
Duverne, P.-A.
Dwyer, S. E.
Easter, P. J.
Ebersold, M.
Eddolls, G.
Edelman, B.
Edo, T. B. ORCID icon
Edy, O.
Effler, A.
Eguchi, S.
Eichholz, J.
Eikenberry, S. S. ORCID icon
Eisenmann, M.
Eisenstein, R. A.
Ejlli, A.
Enomoto, Y.
Errico, L.
Essick, R. C.
Estellés, H.
Estevez, D.
Etienne, Z.
Etzel, T.
Evans, M.
Evans, T. M. ORCID icon
Ewing, B. E.
Fafone, V. ORCID icon
Fair, H.
Fairhurst, S.
Fan, X.
Farah, A. M. ORCID icon
Farinon, S.
Farr, B.
Farr, W. M.
Farrow, N. W.
Fauchon-Jones, E. J. ORCID icon
Favata, M.
Fays, M.
Fazio, M. A. ORCID icon
Feicht, J. ORCID icon
Fejer, M. M. ORCID icon
Feng, F.
Fenyvesi, E.
Ferguson, D. L.
Fernandez-Galiana, A. ORCID icon
Ferrante, I.
Ferreira, T. A.
Fidecaro, F.
Figura, P.
Fiori, I.
Fishbach, M.
Fisher, R. P.
Fittipaldi, R.
Fiumara, V.
Flaminio, R.
Floden, E.
Flynn, E.
Fong, H.
Font, J. A.
Fornal, B.
Forsyth, P. W. F.
Franke, A.
Frasca, S.
Frasconi, F.
Frederick, C.
Frei, Z.
Freise, A.
Frey, R.
Fritschel, P. ORCID icon
Frolov, V. V.
Fronzé, G. G. ORCID icon
Fujii, Y.
Fujikawa, Y.
Fukunaga, M.
Fukushima, M.
Fulda, P.
Fyffe, M.
Gabbard, H. A.
Gadre, B. U.
Gaebel, S. M.
Gair, J. R.
Gais, J.
Galaudage, S.
Gamba, R.
Ganapathy, D.
Ganguly, A.
Gao, D.
Gaonkar, S. G.
Garaventa, B.
García-Núñez, C.
García-Quirós, C.
Garufi, F.
Gateley, B.
Gaudio, S.
Gayathri, V.
Ge, G.
Gemme, G.
Gennai, A.
George, J.
Gergely, L.
Gewecke, P.
Ghonge, S.
Ghosh, Abhirup
Ghosh, Archisman
Ghosh, Shaon
Ghosh, Shrobana
Ghosh, Sourath
Giacomazzo, B.
Giacoppo, L.
Giaime, J. A.
Giardina, K. D.
Gibson, D. R.
Gier, C.
Giesler, M. ORCID icon
Giri, P.
Gissi, F.
Glanzer, J.
Gleckl, A. E.
Godwin, P.
Goetz, E.
Goetz, R.
Gohlke, N.
Goncharov, B.
González, G.
Gopakumar, A. ORCID icon
Gosselin, M.
Gouaty, R.
Grace, B.
Grado, A.
Granata, M.
Granata, V.
Grant, A.
Gras, S.
Grassia, P.
Gray, C.
Gray, R.
Greco, G.
Green, A. C.
Green, R.
Gretarsson, A. M.
Gretarsson, E. M.
Griffith, D.
Griffiths, W.
Griggs, H. L.
Grignani, G.
Grimaldi, A.
Grimes, E.
Grimm, S. J.
Grote, H.
Grunewald, S.
Gruning, P.
Guerrero, J. G.
Guidi, G. M.
Guimaraes, A. R.
Guixé, G.
Gulati, H. K.
Guo, H.-K.
Guo, Y.
Gupta, Anchal ORCID icon
Gupta, Anuradha
Gupta, P.
Gustafson, E. K.
Gustafson, R.
Guzman, F.
Ha, S.
Haegel, L.
Hagiwara, A.
Haino, S.
Halim, O.
Hall, E. D.
Hamilton, E. Z.
Hammond, G.
Han, W.-B.
Haney, M.
Hanks, J.
Hanna, C.
Hannam, M. D.
Hannuksela, O. A. ORCID icon
Hansen, H.
Hansen, T. J.
Hanson, J.
Harder, T.
Hardwick, T.
Haris, K.
Harms, J.
Harry, G. M.
Harry, I. W. ORCID icon
Hartwig, D.
Hasegawa, K.
Haskell, B.
Hasskew, R. K.
Haster, C.-J.
Hattori, K.
Haughian, K.
Hayakawa, H.
Hayama, K.
Hayes, F. J.
Healy, J.
Heidmann, A.
Heintze, M. C.
Heinze, J.
Heinzel, J.
Heitmann, H.
Hellman, F.
Hello, P.
Helmling-Cornell, A. F. ORCID icon
Hemming, G.
Hendry, M.
Heng, I. S.
Hennes, E.
Hennig, J.
Hennig, M. H.
Hernandez Vivanco, F. ORCID icon
Heurs, M.
Hild, S.
Hill, P.
Himemoto, Y.
Hinderer, T.
Hines, A. S.
Hiranuma, Y.
Hirata, N.
Hirose, E.
Ho, W. C. G. ORCID icon
Hochheim, S.
Hofman, D.
Hohmann, J. N.
Holgado, A. M.
Holland, N. A.
Hollows, I. J.
Holmes, Z. J.
Holt, K.
Holz, D. E.
Hong, Z.
Hopkins, P.
Hough, J.
Howell, E. J.
Hoy, C. G.
Hoyland, D.
Hreibi, A.
Hsieh, B.-H.
Hsu, Y.
Huang, G.-Z.
Huang, H-Y.
Huang, P.
Huang, Y.-C. ORCID icon
Huang, Y.-J.
Huang, Y.-W.
Hübner, M. T.
Huddart, A. D.
Huerta, E. A.
Hughey, B.
Hui, D. C. Y. ORCID icon
Hui, V.
Husa, S.
Huttner, S. H.
Huxford, R.
Huynh-Dinh, T.
Ide, S.
Idzkowski, B.
Iess, A.
Ikenoue, B.
Imam, S.
Inayoshi, K.
Inchauspe, H.
Ingram, C.
Inoue, Y.
Intini, G.
Ioka, K.
Isi, M.
Isleif, K.
Ito, K.
Itoh, Y.
Iyer, B. R.
Izumi, K.
JaberianHamedan, V. ORCID icon
Jacqmin, T.
Jadhav, S. J.
Jadhav, S. P.
James, A. L.
Jan, A. Z.
Jani, K.
Janssens, K.
Janthalur, N. N.
Jaranowski, P.
Jariwala, D.
Jaume, R.
Jenkins, A. C.
Jeon, C.
Jeunon, M.
Jia, W.
Jiang, J.
Jin, H.-B.
Johns, G. R.
Jones, A. W.
Jones, D. I.
Jones, J. D.
Jones, P.
Jones, R.
Jonker, R. J. G.
Ju, L.
Jung, K.
Jung, P.
Junker, J.
Kaihotsu, K.
Kajita, T.
Kakizaki, M.
Kalaghatgi, C. V.
Kalogera, V.
Kamai, B. ORCID icon
Kamiizumi, M.
Kanda, N.
Kandhasamy, S.
Kang, G.
Kanner, J. B. ORCID icon
Kao, Y.
Kapadia, S. J.
Kapasi, D. P. ORCID icon
Karat, S.
Karathanasis, C. ORCID icon
Karki, S.
Kashyap, R.
Kasprzack, M. ORCID icon
Kastaun, W.
Katsanevas, S.
Katsavounidis, E.
Katzman, W.
Kaur, T.
Kawabe, K.
Kawaguchi, K.
Kawai, N.
Kawasaki, T.
Kéfélian, F.
Keitel, D.
Key, J. S.
Khadka, S.
Khalili, F. Y. ORCID icon
Khan, I.
Khan, S.
Khazanov, E. A.
Khetan, N.
Khursheed, M.
Kijbunchoo, N. ORCID icon
Kim, C.
Kim, J. C.
Kim, J.
Kim, K.
Kim, W. S.
Kim, Y.-M.
Kimball, C.
Kimura, N.
King, P. J.
Kinley-Hanlon, M. ORCID icon
Kirchhoff, R.
Kissel, J. S.
Kita, N.
Kitazawa, H.
Kleybolte, L.
Klimenko, S.
Knee, A. M.
Knowles, T. D.
Knyazev, E.
Koch, P.
Koekoek, G.
Kojima, Y.
Kokeyama, K.
Koley, S.
Kolitsidou, P.
Kolstein, M.
Komori, K.
Kondrashov, V.
Kong, A. K. H. ORCID icon
Kontos, A.
Koper, N.
Korobko, M.
Kotake, K.
Kovalam, M. ORCID icon
Kozak, D. B. ORCID icon
Kozakai, C.
Kozu, R.
Kringel, V.
Krishnendu, N. V. ORCID icon
Królak, A.
Kuehn, G.
Kuei, F.
Kumar, A.
Kumar, P.
Kumar, Rahul
Kumar, Rakesh
Kume, J.
Kuns, K.
Kuo, C.
Kuo, H-S.
Kuromiya, Y.
Kuroyanagi, S.
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Kwang, S.
Laghi, D.
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Lam, T. L.
Lamberts, A.
Landry, M.
Landry, P.
Lane, B. B.
Lang, R. N.
Lange, J.
Lantz, B.
La Rosa, I.
Lartaux-Vollard, A.
Lasky, P. D.
Laxen, M.
Lazzarini, A. ORCID icon
Lazzaro, C.
Leaci, P.
Leavey, S.
Lecoeuche, Y. K. ORCID icon
Lee, H. K.
Lee, H. M.
Lee, H. W.
Lee, J.
Lee, K.
Lee, R.
Lehmann, J.
Lemaître, A.
Leon, E.
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Levin, Y.
Leviton, J. N.
Li, A. K. Y. ORCID icon
Li, B.
Li, J.
Li, K. L.
Li, T. G. F. ORCID icon
Li, X.
Lin, C.-Y. ORCID icon
Lin, F.-K.
Lin, F.-L.
Lin, H. L.
Lin, L. C.-C.
Linde, F.
Linker, S. D.
Linley, J. N.
Littenberg, T. B.
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Liu, J.
Liu, K.
Liu, X.
Llorens-Monteagudo, M.
Lo, R. K. L. ORCID icon
Lockwood, A.
Lollie, M. L.
London, L. T.
Longo, A.
Lopez, D.
Lorenzini, M.
Loriette, V.
Lormand, M.
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Lough, J. D.
Lousto, C. O.
Lovelace, G.
Lück, H.
Lumaca, D.
Lundgren, A. P.
Luo, L.-W.
Macas, R.
MacInnis, M.
Macleod, D. M.
MacMillan, I. A. O. ORCID icon
Macquet, A.
Magaña Hernandez, I. ORCID icon
Magaña-Sandoval, F.
Magazzù, C.
Magee, R. M.
Maggiore, R.
Majorana, E.
Makarem, C.
Maksimovic, I.
Maliakal, S.
Malik, A.
Man, N.
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Mangano, V.
Mango, J. L.
Mansell, G. L.
Manske, M.
Mantovani, M. ORCID icon
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Marchio, M.
Marion, F.
Mark, Z.
Márka, S. ORCID icon
Márka, Z. ORCID icon
Markakis, C.
Markosyan, A. S.
Markowitz, A. ORCID icon
Maros, E.
Marquina, A.
Marsat, S.
Martelli, F.
Martin, I. W. ORCID icon
Martin, R. M.
Martinez, M.
Martinez, V.
Martinovic, K.
Martynov, D. V. ORCID icon
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Masalehdan, H. ORCID icon
Mason, K.
Massera, E.
Masserot, A.
Massinger, T. J. ORCID icon
Masso-Reid, M. ORCID icon
Mastrogiovanni, S. ORCID icon
Matas, A.
Mateu-Lucena, M. ORCID icon
Matichard, F. ORCID icon
Matiushechkina, M. ORCID icon
Mavalvala, N.
McCann, J. J.
McCarthy, R.
McClelland, D. E.
McClincy, P.
McCormick, S.
McCuller, L. ORCID icon
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McGuire, S. C.
McIsaac, C.
McIver, J.
McManus, D. J.
McRae, T.
McWilliams, S. T.
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LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Virgo Collaboration
KAGRA Collaboration

Abstract

We report the observation of gravitational waves from two compact binary coalescences in LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run with properties consistent with neutron star–black hole (NSBH) binaries. The two events are named G_W200105_162426 and GW200115_042309, abbreviated as GW200105 and GW200115; the first was observed by LIGO Livingston and Virgo and the second by all three LIGO–Virgo detectors. The source of GW200105 has component masses 8.9^(+1.2)_(-1.5) and 1.9^(+0.3)_(-0.2) M_⊙, whereas the source of GW200115 has component masses 5.7^(+1.8)_(-2.1) and 1.5^(+0.7)_(-0.3) M_⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The probability that the secondary's mass is below the maximal mass of a neutron star is 89%–96% and 87%–98%, respectively, for GW200105 and GW200115, with the ranges arising from different astrophysical assumptions. The source luminosity distances are 280⁺¹¹⁰₋₁₁₀ and 300⁺¹⁵⁰₋₁₀₀ Mpc, respectively. The magnitude of the primary spin of GW200105 is less than 0.23 at the 90% credible level, and its orientation is unconstrained. For GW200115, the primary spin has a negative spin projection onto the orbital angular momentum at 88% probability. We are unable to constrain the spin or tidal deformation of the secondary component for either event. We infer an NSBH merger rate density of 45⁺⁷⁵₋₃₃ Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹ when assuming that GW200105 and GW200115 are representative of the NSBH population or 130⁺¹¹²₋₆₉ Gpc⁻³ yr⁻¹ under the assumption of a broader distribution of component masses.

Additional Information

© 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Received 2021 April 29; revised 2021 June 3; accepted 2021 June 4; published 2021 June 29. This material is based upon work supported by the NSF's LIGO Laboratory, which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max Planck Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies, as well as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d'Innovació Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d'Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d'Innovació Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the National Science Centre of Poland and the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concertés (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, the United States Department of Energy, and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN, and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, the JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361, and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, National Research Foundation (NRF) and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan under grants including AS-CDA-105-M06, Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, and Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK. Some of the parameter estimation analyses presented in this paper were performed using supercomputer clusters at Swinburne University of Technology (OzSTAR and SSTAR), Cardiff University (ARCCA), the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Hypatia), and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center—Centro Nacional de Supercomputación. We would like to thank all of the essential workers who put their health at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, without whom we would not have been able to complete this work. Software: The detection of the signal and subsequent significance evaluation were performed with the GstLAL-based inspiral software pipeline (Cannon et al. 2012; Privitera et al. 2014; Messick et al. 2017; Sachdev et al. 2019; Hanna et al. 2020), built on the LALSuite software library (LIGO Scientific Collaboration 2018), and with the PyCBC (Usman et al. 2016; Nitz et al. 2018, 2019a) and MBTA Online (Adams et al. 2016) packages. Parameter estimation was performed with the LALInference (Veitch et al. 2015) and LALSimulation libraries within LALSuite (LIGO Scientific Collaboration 2018), as well as the bilby and pbilby Libraries (Ashton et al. 2019; Smith et al. 2020) and the dynesty nested sampling package (Speagle 2020). Estimates of the noise spectra were obtained using BayesWave (Cornish & Littenberg 2015; Littenberg & Cornish 2015). Parameter estimation results were visualized and shared with the PESummary software library (Hoy & Raymond 2020). Plots were prepared with Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). Figure 1 was generated using GWpy (Macleod et al. 2020). The sky map plot also used Astropy (http://www.astropy.org), a community-developed core Python package for astronomy (Robitaille et al. 2013; Price-Whelan et al. 2018), and ligo.skymap (https://lscsoft.docs.ligo.org/ligo.skymap).

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Additional details

Created:
August 20, 2023
Modified:
October 23, 2023