The California Legacy Survey. I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades

Creators: Rosenthal, Lee J.; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Hirsch, Lea A.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Howard, Andrew W.; Dedrick, Cayla M.; Sherstyuk, Ilya A.; Blunt, Sarah C.; Petigura, Erik A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Behmard, Aida; Chontos, Ashley; Crepp, Justin R.; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Dalba, Paul A.; Fischer, Debra A.; Henry, Gregory W.; Kane, Stephen R.; Kosiarek, Molly; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Rubenzahl, Ryan A.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Wright, Jason T.

Style

An error occurred while generating the citation.

Abstract

We present a high-precision radial velocity (RV) survey of 719 FGKM stars, which host 164 known exoplanets and 14 newly discovered or revised exoplanets and substellar companions. This catalog updated the orbital parameters of known exoplanets and long-period candidates, some of which have decades-longer observational baselines than they did upon initial detection. The newly discovered exoplanets range from warm sub-Neptunes and super-Earths to cold gas giants. We present the catalog sample selection criteria, as well as over 100,000 RV measurements, which come from the Keck-HIRES, APF-Levy, and Lick-Hamilton spectrographs. We introduce the new RV search pipeline RVSearch (https://california-planet-search.github.io/rvsearch/) that we used to generate our planet catalog, and we make it available to the public as an open-source Python package. This paper is the first study in a planned series that will measure exoplanet occurrence rates and compare exoplanet populations, including studies of giant planet occurrence beyond the water ice line, and eccentricity distributions to explore giant planet formation pathways. We have made public all radial velocities and associated data that we use in this catalog.

Additional Information

© 2021. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2020 July 3; revised 2021 January 15; accepted 2021 January 22; published 2021 July 1. L.J.R. led the construction of this paper, including finalizing the stellar sample, running the Keplerian search, assessing planet candidates and generating the planet catalog, generating most of the figures, and writing this manuscript. The RVsearch pipeline was developed by L.J.R., B.J.F., and L.A.H., with assistance from A.W.H., H.T.I., and E.A.P., and C.M.D., B.J.F., A.W.H., L.A.H., H.T.I., E.A.P., and I.A.S. assisted L.J.R. in vetting the planet candidates and insuring the integrity of the RVs and the planet catalog. A.W.H., G.W.M. (though 2015), D.A.F., and J.T.W. provided leadership and funding to CPS and CCPS. L.J.R., B.J.F., L.A.H., H.T.I., A.W.H., S.C.B., E.A.P., A.B., A.C., J.R.C., I.J.M.C., P.A.D., D.A.F., M.K., G.W.M., R.A.R., L.M.W., and J.T.W. contributed significantly to the Doppler observations. H.T.I., A.W.H., B.J.F., and G.W.M. executed and refined the Doppler pipeline that produced the RVs reported here. G.W.H. contributed photometry and analysis that were used to rule out stellar activity signals. I.A.S. provided similar analysis of activity based on a suite of indicators. B.J.F., A.W.H., E.A.P., L.M.W., R.A.R., and H.T.I. created an internal data visualization system ("Jump") that was integral to this project. L.J.R., B.J.F., A.W.H., L.A.H., H.T.I., E.A.P., H.A.K., S.R.K., P.A.D., and L.M.W. contributed to the discussion section and structure of this paper, as well as the strategy of this paper and successors in the CLS series. We thank Jay Anderson, Gáspár Bakos, Mike Bottom, John Brewer, Christian Clanton, Jason Curtis, Fei Dai, Steven Giacalone, Sam Grunblatt, Michelle Hill, Lynne Hillenbrand, Rebecca Jensen-Clem, John A. Johnson, Chris McCarthy, Sean Mills, Teo Močnik, Ben Montet, Jack Moriarty, Tim Morton, Phil Muirhead, Sebastian Pineda, Nikolai Piskunov, Eugenio Rivera, Julien Spronck, Jonathan Swift, Guillermo Torres, Jeff Valenti, Sharon Wang, Josh Winn, Judah van Zandt, Ming Zhao, and others who contributed to the observations and analysis reported here. We acknowledge R. P. Butler and S. S. Vogt for many years of contributing to this data set. This research has made use of the Keck Observatory Archive (KOA), which is operated by the W. M. Keck Observatory and the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI), under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We acknowledge RVs stemming from HIRES data in KOA with principal investigators from the LCES collaboration (S. S. Vogt, R. P. Butler, and N. Haghighipour). We gratefully acknowledge the efforts and dedication of the Keck Observatory staff for support of HIRES and remote observing. We are grateful to the time assignment committees of the Caltech, the University of California, the University of Hawaii, NASA, and NOAO for their generous allocations of observing time. Without their long-term commitment to RV monitoring, these planets would likely remain unknown. We thank Ken and Gloria Levy, who supported the construction of the Levy Spectrometer on the Automated Planet Finder, which was used heavily for this research. We thank the University of California and Google for supporting Lick Observatory, and the UCO staff as well as UCO director Claire Max for their dedicated work scheduling and operating the telescopes of Lick Observatory. G.W.H. acknowledges long-term support from NASA, NSF, Tennessee State University, and the State of Tennessee through its Centers of Excellence program. A.W.H. acknowledges NSF grant 1753582. H.A.K. acknowledges NSF grant 1555095. P.D. gratefully acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation (NSF) Astronomy & Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1903811. This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. Finally, we recognize and acknowledge the cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are deeply grateful to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. Facilities: Keck:I (HIRES) - , Automated Planet Finder (Levy) - , Lick (Hamilton). - Software: All code, plots, tables, and data used in this paper are available at github.com/leerosenthalj/CLSI. Data and tables, including the full stellar catalog with {M, R, Teff, log g, [Fe/H]}, as well as APT photometry, are also available in the associated .tar.gz file available online. RVSearch is available at github.com/California-Planet-Search/rvsearch. This research makes use of GNU Parallel (Tange 2011). We made use of the following publicly available Python modules: pandas (McKinney 2010), numpy/scipy (van der Walt et al. 2011), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), Specmatch (Petigura 2015; Yee et al. 2017), Isoclassify (Huber 2017), TheJoker (Price-Whelan et al. 2017), RadVel (Fulton et al. 2018), RVSearch (this work).

Attached Files

Published - Rosenthal_2021_ApJS_255_8.pdf

Accepted Version - 2105.11583.pdf

Files

Rosenthal_2021_ApJS_255_8.pdf

Files (31.1 MB)

Name	Size	Download all
Rosenthal_2021_ApJS_255_8.pdf md5:5d7f3b784a8a888db23b312f1c0eacd4	17.2 MB	Preview Download
2105.11583.pdf md5:06d5498f7501d63bee19925afc29f25a	13.9 MB	Preview Download

Additional details

	All versions	This version
Views	14	14
Downloads	0	0
Data volume	0 Bytes	0 Bytes