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Published August 15, 2021 | Submitted + Published
Journal Article Open

Importance of tidal resonances in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals

Abstract

Extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) will be important sources for future space-based gravitational-wave detectors. In recent work, tidal resonances in binary orbital evolution induced by the tidal field of nearby stars or black holes have been identified as being potentially significant in the context of extreme mass-ratio inspirals. These resonances occur when the three orbital frequencies describing the orbit are commensurate. During the resonance, the orbital parameters of the small body experience a "jump" leading to a shift in the phase of the gravitational waveform. In this paper, we treat the tidal perturber as stationary and restricted to the equatorial plane, and present a first study of how common and important such resonances are over the entire orbital parameter space. We find that a large proportion of inspirals encounter a low-order resonance in the observationally important regime. While the "instantaneous" effect of a tidal resonance is small, its effect on the accumulated phase of the gravitational waveform of an EMRI system can be significant due to its many cycles in band; we estimate that the effect is detectable for a significant fraction of sources. We also provide fitting formulas for the induced change in the constants of motion of the orbit due to the tidal resonance for several low-order resonances.

Additional Information

© 2021 American Physical Society. Received 10 April 2021; accepted 27 July 2021; published 20 August 2021. We thank Ryuichi Fujita for sharing numerical data of GW fluxes. We are also grateful to Jonathan Gair, Niels Warburton, Philip Lynch, and Soichiro Isoyama for sharing relevant code and for helpful discussions, as well as Huan Yang and Scott Hughes for feedback on our draft. This work makes use of the Black Hole Perturbation Toolkit [62]. P. G. is supported by MEXT scholarship. A. J. K. C. acknowledges support from the NASA Grant No. 18-LPS18-0027. T. T. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. JP17H06358 (and also JP17H06357), A01: Testing gravity theories using gravitational waves, as a part of the innovative research area, "Gravitational wave physics and astronomy: Genesis," and also by JP20K03928.

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Published - PhysRevD.104.044056.pdf

Submitted - 2104.03422.pdf

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Created:
August 20, 2023
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