Upper limits on the isotropic gravitational-wave background from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's third observing run
- Creators
- Abbott, R.
- Abbott, T. D.
- Abraham, S.
- Acernese, F.
- Ackley, K.
- Adams, A.
- Adams, C.
-
Adhikari, R. X.
- Adya, V. B.
- Affeldt, C.
- Agarwal, D.
- Agathos, M.
- Agatsuma, K.
- Aggarwal, N.
- Aguiar, O. D.
- Aiello, L.
- Ain, A.
- Akutsu, T.
- Aleman, K. M.
- Allen, G.
- Allocca, A.
- Altin, P. A.
- Amato, A.
-
Anand, S.
- Ananyeva, A.
-
Anderson, S. B.
- Anderson, W. G.
- Ando, M.
- Angelova, S. V.
- Ansoldi, S.
- Antelis, J. M.
- Antier, S.
- Appert, S.
- Arai, Koya
-
Arai, Koji
- Arai, Y.
- Araki, S.
- Araya, A.
-
Araya, M. C.
- Areeda, J. S.
- Arène, M.
- Aritomi, N.
- Arnaud, N.
- Aronson, S. M.
- Asada, H.
- Asali, Y.
- Ashton, G.
- Aso, Y.
- Aston, S. M.
- Astone, P.
- Aubin, F.
- Aufmuth, P.
- AultONeal, K.
- Austin, C.
- Babak, S.
- Badaracco, F.
- Bader, M. K. M.
- Bae, S.
- Bae, Y.
- Baer, A. M.
- Bagnasco, S.
- Bai, Y.
- Baiotti, L.
- Baird, J.
- Bajpai, R.
- Ball, M.
- Ballardin, G.
-
Ballmer, S. W.
- Bals, M.
- Balsamo, A.
- Baltus, G.
- Banagiri, S.
- Bankar, D.
- Bankar, R. S.
- Barayoga, J. C.
- Barbieri, C.
-
Barish, B. C.
- Barker, D.
- Barneo, P.
- Barnum, S.
- Barone, F.
- Barr, B.
- Barsotti, L.
- Barsuglia, M.
- Barta, D.
- Bartlett, J.
- Barton, M. A.
- Bartos, I.
- Bassiri, R.
- Basti, A.
- Bawaj, M.
- Bayley, J. C.
- Baylor, A. C.
- Bazzan, M.
- Bécsy, B.
- Bedakihale, V. M.
- Bejger, M.
- Belahcene, I.
- Benedetto, V.
- Beniwal, D.
- Benjamin, M. G.
- Bennett, T. F.
- Bentley, J. D.
- BenYaala, M.
- Bergamin, F.
- Berger, B. K.
-
Bernuzzi, S.
-
Bersanetti, D.
- Bertolini, A.
-
Betzwieser, J.
- Bhandare, R.
- Bhandari, A. V.
- Bhattacharjee, D.
- Bhaumik, S.
- Bidler, J.
- Bilenko, I. A.
-
Billingsley, G.
- Birney, R.
- Birnholtz, O.
-
Biscans, S.
- Bischi, M.
-
Biscoveanu, S.
- Bisht, A.
- Biswas, B.
- Bitossi, M.
-
Bizouard, M.-A.
-
Blackburn, J. K.
-
Blackman, J.
- Blair, C. D.
- Blair, D. G.
- Blair, R. M.
- Bobba, F.
- Bode, N.
- Boer, M.
- Bogaert, G.
- Boldrini, M.
- Bondu, F.
- Bonilla, E.
- Bonnand, R.
- Booker, P.
- Boom, B. A.
- Bork, R.
- Boschi, V.
- Bose, N.
- Bose, S.
- Bossilkov, V.
- Boudart, V.
-
Bouffanais, Y.
- Bozzi, A.
- Bradaschia, C.
- Brady, P. R.
- Bramley, A.
- Branch, A.
-
Branchesi, M.
- Brau, J. E.
- Breschi, M.
- Briant, T.
- Briggs, J. H.
- Brillet, A.
- Brinkmann, M.
- Brockill, P.
-
Brooks, A. F.
- Brooks, J.
- Brown, D. D.
- Brunett, S.
- Bruno, G.
- Bruntz, R.
- Bryant, J.
- Buikema, A.
- Bulik, T.
- Bulten, H. J.
- Buonanno, A.
- Buscicchio, R.
- Buskulic, D.
- Byer, R. L.
- Cadonati, L.
- Caesar, M.
- Cagnoli, G.
-
Cahillane, C.
- Cain, H. W., III
-
Calderón Bustillo, J.
- Callaghan, J. D.
- Callister, T. A.
- Calloni, E.
- Camp, J. B.
- Canepa, M.
- Cannavacciuolo, M.
- Cannon, K. C.
- Cao, H.
- Cao, J.
- Cao, Z.
- Capocasa, E.
- Capote, E.
- Carapella, G.
- Carbognani, F.
- Carlin, J. B.
- Carney, M. F.
- Carpinelli, M.
- Carullo, G.
-
Carver, T. L.
- Casanueva Diaz, J.
- Casentini, C.
- Castaldi, G.
- Caudill, S.
- Cavaglià, M.
- Cavalier, F.
- Cavalieri, R.
- Cella, G.
- Cerdá-Durán, P.
- Cesarini, E.
- Chaibi, W.
- Chakravarti, K.
- Champion, B.
- Chan, C.-H.
- Chan, C.
- Chan, C. L.
- Chan, M.
- Chandra, K.
- Chanial, P.
- Chao, S.
- Charlton, P.
-
Chase, E. A.
-
Chassande-Mottin, E.
- Chatterjee, D.
- Chaturvedi, M.
- Chen, A.
- Chen, C.
- Chen, H. Y.
- Chen, J.
- Chen, K.
- Chen, X.
-
Chen, Y.-B.
- Chen, Y.-R.
- Chen, Z.
- Cheng, H.
- Cheong, C. K.
- Cheung, H. Y.
- Chia, H. Y.
- Chiadini, F.
- Chiang, C-Y.
- Chierici, R.
- Chincarini, A.
- Chiofalo, M. L.
- Chiummo, A.
- Cho, G.
- Cho, H. S.
- Choate, S.
- Choudhary, R. K.
- Choudhary, S.
- Christensen, N.
- Chu, H.
- Chu, Q.
- Chu, Y-K.
- Chua, S.
- Chung, K. W.
- Ciani, G.
- Ciecielag, P.
- Cieślar, M.
- Cifaldi, M.
-
Ciobanu, A. A.
- Ciolfi, R.
- Cipriano, F.
- Cirone, A.
- Clara, F.
- Clark, E. N.
- Clark, J. A.
- Clarke, L.
- Clearwater, P.
- Clesse, S.
- Cleva, F.
- Coccia, E.
- Cohadon, P.-F.
- Cohen, D. E.
- Cohen, L.
- Colleoni, M.
- Collette, C. G.
- Colpi, M.
-
Compton, C. M.
- Constancio, M., Jr.
- Conti, L.
- Cooper, S. J.
- Corban, P.
- Corbitt, T. R.
-
Cordero-Carrión, I.
- Corezzi, S.
- Corley, K. R.
- Cornish, N.
- Corre, D.
- Corsi, A.
- Cortese, S.
- Costa, C. A.
- Cotesta, R.
-
Coughlin, M. W.
- Coughlin, S. B.
- Coulon, J.-P.
- Countryman, S. T.
- Cousins, B.
-
Couvares, P.
- Covas, P. B.
- Coward, D. M.
- Cowart, M. J.
-
Coyne, D. C.
- Coyne, R.
-
Creighton, J. D. E.
- Creighton, T. D.
- Criswell, A. W.
- Croquette, M.
- Crowder, S. G.
- Cudell, J. R.
- Cullen, T. J.
- Cumming, A.
- Cummings, R.
- Cuoco, E.
- Curyło, M.
-
Dal Canton, T.
- Dálya, G.
- Dana, A.
- DaneshgaranBajastani, L. M.
- D'Angelo, B.
- Danilishin, S. L.
- D'Antonio, S.
- Danzmann, K.
- Darsow-Fromm, C.
- Dasgupta, A.
-
Datrier, L. E. H.
- Dattilo, V.
- Dave, I.
- Davier, M.
- Davies, G. S.
-
Davis, D.
- Daw, E. J.
- Dean, R.
- DeBra, D.
- Deenadayalan, M.
-
Degallaix, J.
-
De Laurentis, M.
-
Deléglise, S.
- Del Favero, V.
-
De Lillo, F.
-
De Lillo, N.
-
Del Pozzo, W.
-
DeMarchi, L. M.
-
De Matteis, F.
- D'Emilio, V.
- Demos, N.
- Dent, T.
-
Depasse, A.
-
De Pietri, R.
- De Rosa, R.
- De Rossi, C.
-
DeSalvo, R.
-
De Simone, R.
- Dhurandhar, S.
- Díaz, M. C.
- Diaz-Ortiz, M., Jr.
- Didio, N. A.
- Dietrich, T.
- Di Fiore, L.
- Di Fronzo, C.
-
Di Giorgio, C.
-
Di Giovanni, F.
-
Di Girolamo, T.
-
Di Lieto, A.
- Ding, B.
-
Di Pace, S.
-
Di Palma, I.
-
Di Renzo, F.
- Divakarla, A. K.
- Dmitriev, A.
- Doctor, Z.
- D'Onofrio, L.
- Donovan, F.
-
Dooley, K. L.
-
Doravari, S.
- Dorrington, I.
- Drago, M.
- Driggers, J. C.
-
Drori, Y.
- Du, Z.
- Ducoin, J.-G.
- Dupej, P.
- Durante, O.
- D'Urso, D.
- Duverne, P.-A.
- Dvorkin, I.
- Dwyer, S. E.
- Easter, P. J.
- Ebersold, M.
- Eddolls, G.
- Edelman, B.
-
Edo, T. B.
- Edy, O.
- Effler, A.
- Eguchi, S.
-
Eichholz, J.
-
Eikenberry, S. S.
- Eisenmann, M.
- Eisenstein, R. A.
- Ejlli, A.
-
Enomoto, Y.
- Errico, L.
- Essick, R. C.
- Estellés, H.
- Estevez, D.
- Etienne, Z.
- Etzel, T.
- Evans, M.
- Evans, T. M.
- Ewing, B. E.
- Fafone, V.
- Fair, H.
- Fairhurst, S.
- Fan, X.
- Farah, A. M.
- Farinon, S.
- Farr, B.
- Farr, W. M.
- Farrow, N. W.
-
Fauchon-Jones, E. J.
- Favata, M.
- Fays, M.
- Fazio, M.
-
Feicht, J.
- Fejer, M. M.
- Feng, F.
- Fenyvesi, E.
-
Ferguson, D. L.
-
Fernandez-Galiana, A.
- Ferrante, I.
- Ferreira, T. A.
- Fidecaro, F.
- Figura, P.
- Fiori, I.
-
Fishbach, M.
- Fisher, R. P.
- Fishner, J. M.
- Fittipaldi, R.
- Fiumara, V.
- Flaminio, R.
- Floden, E.
- Flynn, E.
- Fong, H.
- Font, J. A.
- Fornal, B.
- Forsyth, P. W. F.
- Franke, A.
- Frasca, S.
- Frasconi, F.
- Frederick, C.
- Frei, Z.
- Freise, A.
- Frey, R.
- Fritschel, P.
- Frolov, V. V.
- Fronzé, G. G.
- Fujii, Y.
- Fujikawa, Y.
- Fukunaga, M.
- Fukushima, M.
- Fulda, P.
- Fyffe, M.
- Gabbard, H. A.
- Gadre, B. U.
- Gaebel, S. M.
- Gair, J. R.
- Gais, J.
- Galaudage, S.
- Gamba, R.
- Ganapathy, D.
- Ganguly, A.
- Gao, D.
- Gaonkar, S. G.
- Garaventa, B.
- García-Núñez, C.
-
García-Quirós, C.
- Garufi, F.
- Gateley, B.
- Gaudio, S.
- Gayathri, V.
- Ge, G.
- Gemme, G.
- Gennai, A.
- George, J.
- Gergely, L.
- Gewecke, P.
- Ghonge, S.
- Ghosh, Abhirup
- Ghosh, Archisman
- Ghosh, Shaon
- Ghosh, Shrobana
- Ghosh, Sourath
- Giacomazzo, B.
- Giacoppo, L.
- Giaime, J. A.
- Giardina, K. D.
- Gibson, D. R.
- Gier, C.
-
Giesler, M.
- Giri, P.
- Gissi, F.
- Glanzer, J.
- Gleckl, A. E.
- Godwin, P.
- Goetz, E.
- Goetz, R.
- Gohlke, N.
- Goncharov, B.
- González, G.
- Gopakumar, A.
- Gosselin, M.
- Gouaty, R.
- Grace, B.
- Grado, A.
- Granata, M.
- Granata, V.
- Grant, A.
- Gras, S.
- Grassia, P.
- Gray, C.
- Gray, R.
- Greco, G.
- Green, A. C.
- Green, R.
- Gretarsson, A. M.
- Gretarsson, E. M.
- Griffith, D.
- Griffiths, W.
- Griggs, H. L.
- Grignani, G.
- Grimaldi, A.
- Grimes, E.
- Grimm, S. J.
- Grote, H.
- Grunewald, S.
- Gruning, P.
- Guerrero, J. G.
- Guidi, G. M.
- Guimaraes, A. R.
- Guixé, G.
- Gulati, H. K.
- Guo, H.-K.
- Guo, Y.
-
Gupta, Anchal
- Gupta, Anuradha
- Gupta, P.
- Gustafson, E. K.
- Gustafson, R.
- Guzman, F.
- Ha, S.
- Haegel, L.
- Hagiwara, A.
- Haino, S.
- Halim, O.
- Hall, E. D.
- Hamilton, E. Z.
- Hammond, G.
- Han, W.-B.
- Haney, M.
- Hanks, J.
- Hanna, C.
- Hannam, M. D.
-
Hannuksela, O. A.
- Hansen, H.
- Hansen, T. J.
- Hanson, J.
- Harder, T.
- Hardwick, T.
- Haris, K.
- Harms, J.
- Harry, G. M.
- Harry, I. W.
- Hartwig, D.
- Hasegawa, K.
- Haskell, B.
- Hasskew, R. K.
- Haster, C.-J.
- Hattori, K.
- Haughian, K.
- Hayakawa, H.
- Hayama, K.
- Hayes, F. J.
- Healy, J.
- Heidmann, A.
- Heintze, M. C.
- Heinze, J.
- Heinzel, J.
- Heitmann, H.
- Hellman, F.
- Hello, P.
-
Helmling-Cornell, A. F.
- Hemming, G.
- Hendry, M.
- Heng, I. S.
- Hennes, E.
- Hennig, J.
- Hennig, M. H.
-
Hernandez Vivanco, F.
- Heurs, M.
- Hild, S.
- Hill, P.
- Himemoto, Y.
- Hines, A. S.
- Hiranuma, Y.
- Hirata, N.
- Hirose, E.
- Hochheim, S.
- Hofman, D.
- Hohmann, J. N.
- Holgado, A. M.
- Holland, N. A.
- Hollows, I. J.
-
Holmes, Z. J.
- Holt, K.
- Holz, D. E.
- Hong, Z.
- Hopkins, P.
- Hough, J.
- Howell, E. J.
- Hoy, C. G.
- Hoyland, D.
- Hreibi, A.
- Hsieh, B.-H.
- Hsu, Y.
- Huang, G.-Z.
-
Huang, H.-Y.
- Huang, P.
-
Huang, Y.-C.
- Huang, Y.-J.
- Huang, Y. -W.
- Hübner, M. T.
- Huddart, A. D.
- Huerta, E. A.
- Hughey, B.
- Hui, D. C. Y.
- Hui, V.
- Husa, S.
- Huttner, S. H.
- Huxford, R.
- Huynh-Dinh, T.
- Ide, S.
- Idzkowski, B.
- Iess, A.
- Ikenoue, B.
- Imam, S.
- Inayoshi, K.
- Inchauspe, H.
- Ingram, C.
- Inoue, Y.
- Intini, G.
- Ioka, K.
- Isi, M.
- Isleif, K.
- Ito, K.
- Itoh, Y.
-
Iyer, B. R.
- Izumi, K.
-
JaberianHamedan, V.
- Jacqmin, T.
- Jadhav, S. J.
- Jadhav, S. P.
- James, A. L.
- Jan, A. Z.
- Jani, K.
- Janssens, K.
- Janthalur, N. N.
- Jaranowski, P.
- Jariwala, D.
- Jaume, R.
- Jenkins, A. C.
- Jeon, C.
- Jeunon, M.
- Jia, W.
- Jiang, J.
-
Jin, H.-B.
- Johns, G. R.
- Jones, A. W.
- Jones, D. I.
- Jones, J. D.
- Jones, P.
- Jones, R.
- Jonker, R. J. G.
- Ju, L.
- Jung, K.
- Jung, P.
- Junker, J.
- Kaihotsu, K.
- Kajita, T.
- Kakizaki, M.
- Kalaghatgi, C. V.
- Kalogera, V.
-
Kamai, B.
- Kamiizumi, M.
- Kanda, N.
- Kandhasamy, S.
- Kang, G.
-
Kanner, J. B.
- Kao, Y.
- Kapadia, S. J.
- Kapasi, D. P.
- Karathanasis, C.
- Karki, S.
- Kashyap, R.
-
Kasprzack, M.
- Kastaun, W.
- Katsanevas, S.
- Katsavounidis, E.
- Katzman, W.
- Kaur, T.
- Kawabe, K.
- Kawaguchi, K.
- Kawai, N.
- Kawasaki, T.
- Kéfélian, F.
- Keitel, D.
- Key, J. S.
- Khadka, S.
- Khalili, F. Y.
- Khan, I.
- Khan, S.
- Khazanov, E. A.
- Khetan, N.
- Khursheed, M.
- Kijbunchoo, N.
- Kim, C.
- Kim, J. C.
- Kim, J.
- Kim, K.
- Kim, W. S.
- Kim, Y.-M.
- Kimball, C.
- Kimura, N.
- King, P. J.
- Kinley-Hanlon, M.
- Kirchhoff, R.
- Kissel, J. S.
- Kita, N.
- Kitazawa, H.
- Kleybolte, L.
- Klimenko, S.
- Knee, A. M.
- Knowles, T. D.
- Knyazev, E.
- Koch, P.
- Koekoek, G.
- Kojima, Y.
- Kokeyama, K.
- Koley, S.
- Kolitsidou, P.
- Kolstein, M.
- Komori, K.
- Kondrashov, V.
- Kong, A. K. H.
- Kontos, A.
- Koper, N.
- Korobko, M.
- Kotake, K.
- Kovalam, M.
-
Kozak, D. B.
- Kozakai, C.
- Kozu, R.
- Kringel, V.
- Krishnendu, N. V.
- Królak, A.
- Kuehn, G.
- Kuei, F.
- Kumar, A.
- Kumar, P.
- Kumar, Rahul
- Kumar, Rakesh
- Kume, J.
- Kuns, K.
- Kuo, C.
- Kuo, H-S.
- Kuromiya, Y.
- Kuroyanagi, S.
- Kusayanagi, K.
- Kwak, K.
- Kwang, S.
- Laghi, D.
- Lalande, E.
- Lam, T. L.
- Lamberts, A.
- Landry, M.
- Lane, B. B.
- Lang, R. N.
- Lange, J.
- Lantz, B.
- La Rosa, I.
- Lartaux-Vollard, A.
- Lasky, P. D.
- Laxen, M.
- Lazzarini, A.
- Lazzaro, C.
- Leaci, P.
- Leavey, S.
-
Lecoeuche, Y. K.
- Lee, H. K.
- Lee, H. M.
- Lee, H. W.
- Lee, J.
- Lee, K.
- Lee, R.
- Lehmann, J.
- Lemaître, A.
- Leon, E.
- Leonardi, M.
- Leroy, N.
- Letendre, N.
- Levin, Y.
- Leviton, J. N.
-
Li, A. K. Y.
- Li, B.
- Li, J.
- Li, K. L.
-
Li, T. G. F.
- Li, X.
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Lin, C.-Y.
-
Lin, F.-K.
-
Lin, F.-L.
- Lin, H. L.
- Lin, L. C.-C.
- Linde, F.
- Linker, S. D.
- Linley, J. N.
- Littenberg, T. B.
- Liu, G. C.
- Liu, J.
- Liu, K.
- Liu, X.
-
Llorens-Monteagudo, M.
-
Lo, R. K. L.
- Lockwood, A.
- Lollie, M. L.
- London, L. T.
- Longo, A.
- Lopez, D.
-
Lorenzini, M.
- Loriette, V.
- Lormand, M.
- Losurdo, G.
- Lough, J. D.
- Lousto, C. O.
-
Lovelace, G.
- Lück, H.
- Lumaca, D.
- Lundgren, A. P.
- Luo, L.-W.
- Macas, R.
- MacInnis, M.
-
Macleod, D. M.
-
MacMillan, I. A. O.
- Macquet, A.
-
Magaña Hernandez, I.
- Magaña-Sandoval, F.
-
Magazzù, C.
- Magee, R. M.
- Maggiore, R.
-
Majorana, E.
- Maksimovic, I.
- Maliakal, S.
- Malik, A.
- Man, N.
- Mandic, V.
- Mangano, V.
- Mango, J. L.
- Mansell, G. L.
- Manske, M.
-
Mantovani, M.
- Mapelli, M.
- Marchesoni, F.
- Marchio, M.
- Marion, F.
- Mark, Z.
-
Márka, S.
-
Márka, Z.
- Markakis, C.
- Markosyan, A. S.
-
Markowitz, A.
- Maros, E.
- Marquina, A.
- Marsat, S.
- Martelli, F.
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Zucker, M. E.
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Zweizig, J.
- LIGO Scientific Collaboration
- Virgo Collaboration
- KAGRA Collaboration
Abstract
We report results of a search for an isotropic gravitational-wave background (GWB) using data from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run (O3) combined with upper limits from the earlier O1 and O2 runs. Unlike in previous observing runs in the advanced detector era, we include Virgo in the search for the GWB. The results of the search are consistent with uncorrelated noise, and therefore we place upper limits on the strength of the GWB. We find that the dimensionless energy density Ω_(GW) ≤ 5.8 × 10⁻⁹ at the 95% credible level for a flat (frequency-independent) GWB, using a prior which is uniform in the log of the strength of the GWB, with 99% of the sensitivity coming from the band 20–76.6 Hz; Ω_(GW)(f) ≤ 3.4 × 10⁻⁹ at 25 Hz for a power-law GWB with a spectral index of 2/3 (consistent with expectations for compact binary coalescences), in the band 20–90.6 Hz; and Ω_(GW)(f) ≤ 3.9 × 10⁻¹⁰ at 25 Hz for a spectral index of 3, in the band 20–291.6 Hz. These upper limits improve over our previous results by a factor of 6.0 for a flat GWB, 8.8 for a spectral index of 2/3, and 13.1 for a spectral index of 3. We also search for a GWB arising from scalar and vector modes, which are predicted by alternative theories of gravity; we do not find evidence of these, and place upper limits on the strength of GWBs with these polarizations. We demonstrate that there is no evidence of correlated noise of magnetic origin by performing a Bayesian analysis that allows for the presence of both a GWB and an effective magnetic background arising from geophysical Schumann resonances. We compare our upper limits to a fiducial model for the GWB from the merger of compact binaries, updating the model to use the most recent data-driven population inference from the systems detected during O3a. Finally, we combine our results with observations of individual mergers and show that, at design sensitivity, this joint approach may yield stronger constraints on the merger rate of binary black holes at z ≳ 2 than can be achieved with individually resolved mergers alone.
Additional Information
© 2021 American Physical Society. Received 24 January 2021; accepted 9 June 2021; published 23 July 2021. This material is based upon work supported by NSF's LIGO Laboratory which is a major facility fully funded by the National Science Foundation. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d'Innovació, Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d'Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d'Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the National Science Centre of Poland and the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concertées (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovations, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, the United States Department of Energy, and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005 (Kajita 2014-2018), JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361 and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133 and 20H05639, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Transformative Research Areas (A) 20A203: JP20H05854, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, National Research Foundation (NRF) and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan under grants including AS-CDA-105-M06, Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK. All plots have been prepared using Matplotlib [131]. We would like to thank all of the essential workers who put their health at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, without whom we would not have been able to complete this work. This document has been assigned the number LIGO-DCC-P2000314.Attached Files
Published - PhysRevD.104.022004.pdf
Submitted - 2101.12130.pdf
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Additional details
- Alternative title
- Upper Limits on the Isotropic Gravitational-Wave Background from Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's Third Observing Run
- Eprint ID
- 108593
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20210331-090446541
- NSF
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- Max-Planck-Society
- State of Niedersachsen/Germany
- Australian Research Council
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)
- Department of Science and Technology (India)
- Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
- Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Vicepresidència i Conselleria d'Innovació, Recerca i Turisme
- Conselleria d'Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears
- Conselleria d'Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- National Science Centre (Poland)
- Foundation for Polish Science
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research
- Russian Science Foundation
- European Commission
- European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)
- Royal Society
- Scottish Funding Council
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance
- Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)
- Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO)
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
- Actions de Recherche Concertées (ARC)
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO)
- Paris Île-de-France Region
- National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC)
- International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR)
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Leverhulme Trust
- Research Corporation
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- Kavli Foundation
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 26000005
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP17H06358
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP17H06361
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP17H06364
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 17H06133
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 20H05639
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 20A203
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP20H05854
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research
- University of Tokyo
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI)
- Academia Sinica
- Ministry of Science and Technology (Taipei)
- AS-CDA-105-M06
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Created
-
2021-04-01Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2023-04-28Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- LIGO
- Other Numbering System Name
- LIGO Document
- Other Numbering System Identifier
- P2000314