GNSS total variometric approach: first demonstration of a tool for real-time tsunami genesis estimation
Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is used in seismology to study the ground displacements as well as to monitor the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) perturbations following seismic events. The aim of this work is to combine these two observations in one real-time method based on the Total Variometric Approach (TVA) to include the GNSS real-time data stream in future warning systems and tsunami genesis estimation observing both, ground motion and TEC. Our TVA couples together the Variometric Approach for Displacement Analysis Stand-alone Engine (VADASE) with the Variometric Approach for Real-Time Ionosphere Observation (VARION) algorithms. We apply the TVA to the Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake, that occurred in Chile on September 16, 2015, and we demonstrate the coherence of the earthquake ground shaking and the TEC perturbation by using the same GNSS data stream in a real-time scenario. Nominally, we also highlight a stronger kinetic energy released in the north of the epicenter and visible in both, the ground motion and the TEC perturbation detect at 30 s and around 9.5 min after the rupture respectively. The high spatial resolution of ionospheric TEC measurement seems to match with the extent of the seismic source. The GNSS data stream by TVA of both the ground and ionospheric measurement opens today new perspectives to real-time warning systems for tsunami genesis estimation.
Additional Information
© The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Received: 3 September 2020; Accepted: 20 January 2021. Published 04 February 2021. The authors are grateful to Juan Carlos Baez and Felipe Leyton from Centro Sismológico Nacional, Universidad de Chile for providing valuable GPS and accelerometer data and precious information. This research was partially supported by Sapienza University of Rome, through PhD fellowships granted to Michela Ravanelli. A portion of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. G.O. is supported by Programme National de Télédétection Spatiale (PNTS), grant n PNTS-2014-07; by the CNES, grant GISnet&Back; and by the Institut Universitaire de France (IUF). M.C. was partially supported by a grant from IPGP. Author Contributions. M.C., M.R. and G.S. conceived the work; M.R conducted all the analysis and produced the Figures; M.R., G.O. and M.C. wrote the draft; M.R., G. O., A.K., E.S. G.S., M.C., discussed the results. All authors reviewed the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.Attached Files
Published - s41598-021-82532-6.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41598_2021_82532_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC7862306
- Eprint ID
- 107925
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20210205-093041756
- Created
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2021-02-05Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field