Universality and Structure of the N-end Rule
Abstract
Our previous work has shown that, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, any of the eight stabilizing amino-terminal residues confers a long (> 20 h) half-life on a test protein β-galactosidase (β gal), whereas 12 destabilizing amino-terminal residues confer on β gal half-lives from less than 3 min to 30 min. We now show that an analogous single-residue code (the N-end rule) operates in an in vitro system derived from mammalian reticulocytes. We also show that the N-end rule has a hierarchical structure. Specifically, amino-terminal Glu and Asp (and also Cys in reticulocytes) are secondary destabilizing residues in that they are destabilizing through their ability to be conjugated to primary destabilizing residues such as Arg. Amino-terminal Gln and Asn are tertiary destabilizing residues in that they are destabilizing through their ability to be converted, via selective deamidation, into secondary destabilizing residues Glu and Asp. Furthermore, in reticulocytes, distinct types of the N-end-recognizing activity are shown to be specific for three classes of primary destabilizing residues: basic (Arg, Lys, His), bulky hydrophobic (Phe, Leu, Trp, Tyr), and small uncharged (Ala, Ser, Thr). Features of the N-end rule in reticulocytes suggest that the exact form of the N-end rule may depend on the cell's physiological state, thereby providing a mechanism for selective destruction of preexisting proteins upon cell differentiation.
Additional Information
© 1990 American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Received for publication, February 2, 1989. This work was supported in part by Grants GM31530 and DK39520 (to A. V.) from the National Institutes of Health. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. Fellow of the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research. Fellow of the European Molecular Biology Organization. Fellow of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. We thank members of this laboratory, especially Bonnie Bartel, Daniel Finley, and Mark Hochstrasser, for their comments on the manuscript, and Barbara Doran for secretarial assistance.Attached Files
Published - J._Biol._Chem.-1989-Gonda-16700-12.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 107818
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20210129-142402869
- GM31530
- NIH
- DK39520
- NIH
- Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research
- European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
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2021-02-01Created from EPrint's datestamp field
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2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field