Constraints on Axionlike Particles from a Hard X-Ray Observation of Betelgeuse
Abstract
We use the first observation of Betelgeuse in hard x rays to perform a novel search for axionlike particles (ALPs). Betelgeuse is not expected to be a standard source of x rays, but light ALPs produced in the stellar core could be converted back into photons in the Galactic magnetic field, producing a detectable flux that peaks in the hard x-ray band (E_γ > 10 keV). Using a 50 ks observation of Betelgeuse by the NuSTAR satellite telescope, we find no significant excess of events above the expected background. Using models of the regular Galactic magnetic field in the direction of Betelgeuse, we set a 95% C.L. upper limit on the ALP-photon coupling of g_(aγ) < (0.5–1.8) × 10⁻¹¹ GeV⁻¹ (depending on magnetic field model) for ALP masses m_a < (5.5–3.5) × 10 ⁻¹¹ eV.
Additional Information
© 2021 American Physical Society. (Received 14 October 2020; revised 28 November 2020; accepted 11 December 2020; published 21 January 2021) We thank D. R. Wik and S. Rossland for helpful discussions on the NuSTAR instrument background; J. L. Han and S. Zhang for discussions concerning the Galactic magnetic field in the direction of Betelgeuse; Benjamin Safdi, Christopher Dessert, John Beacom, Shunsaku Horiuchi, and Kenny C. Y. Ng for helpful comments and discussions. The NuSTAR observations described in this work were awarded under NASA Grant No. 80NSSC20K0031. The computational aspects of this work made extensive use of the following packages: saoimage ds9 distributed by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; the scipy ecosystem, particularly matplotlib and numpy; and astropy, a community-developed core python package for Astronomy. This research has made use of data and software provided by the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), which is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at NASA/GSFC and the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. We thank the NuSTAR Operations, Software and Calibration teams for support with the execution and analysis of these observations. This research made use of the NuSTAR Data Analysis Software (NuSTARDAS), jointly developed by the ASI Science Data Center (ASDC, Italy) and the California Institute of Technology (USA). M. X. and M. G. were supported by NASA Grant No. 80NSSC20K0031. O. S. has been supported by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) and the Instituto Nazionale di Astrofsica (INAF) under the Agreement No. 2017-14-H.0—attività di studio per la comunità scientifica di Astrofisica delle Alte Energie e Fisica Astroparticellare. A. M. is partially supported by the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) through the "Theoretical Astroparticle Physics" project and by the research Grant No. 2017W4HA7S "NAT-NET: Neutrino and Astroparticle Theory Network" under the program PRIN 2017 funded by the Italian Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR). B. G. was supported under NASA Contract No. NNG08FD60C.Attached Files
Published - PhysRevLett.126.031101.pdf
Accepted Version - 2009.09059.pdf
Supplemental Material - Betelgeuse_ALP_SM.pdf
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Additional details
- Alternative title
- Constraints on Axion-like Particles from a Hard X-ray Observation of Betelgeuse
- Eprint ID
- 107658
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20210122-092204482
- 80NSSC20K0031
- NASA
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI)
- 2017-14-H.0
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
- 2017W4HA7S
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR)
- NNG08FD60C
- NASA
- Created
-
2021-01-22Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- Space Radiation Laboratory, NuSTAR