Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910
- Creators
- Abbott, R.
- Abbott, T. D.
- Abraham, S.
- Acernese, F.
- Ackley, K.
- Adams, A.
- Adams, C.
-
Adhikari, R. X.
- Adya, V. B.
- Affeldt, C.
- Agarwal, D.
- Agathos, M.
- Agatsuma, K.
- Aggarwal, N.
- Aguiar, O. D.
- Aiello, L.
- Ain, A.
- Ajith, P.
- Akutsu, T.
- Aleman, K. M.
- Allen, G.
- Allocca, A.
- Altin, P. A.
- Amato, A.
-
Anand, S.
- Ananyeva, A.
- Anderson, S. B.
- Anderson, W. G.
- Ando, M.
- Angelova, S. V.
- Ansoldi, S.
- Antelis, J. M.
- Antier, S.
- Appert, S.
- Arai, Koya
-
Arai, Koji
- Arai, Y.
- Araki, S.
- Araya, A.
-
Araya, M. C.
- Areeda, J. S.
- Arène, M.
- Aritomi, N.
- Arnaud, N.
- Aronson, S. M.
- Arun, K. G.
- Asada, H.
- Asali, Y.
- Ashton, G.
- Aso, Y.
- Aston, S. M.
- Astone, P.
- Aubin, F.
- Aufmuth, P.
- AultONeal, K.
- Austin, C.
- Babak, S.
- Badaracco, F.
- Bader, M. K. M.
- Bae, S.
- Bae, Y.
- Baer, A. M.
- Bagnasco, S.
- Bai, Y.
- Baiotti, L.
- Baird, J.
- Bajpai, R.
- Ball, M.
- Ballardin, G.
- Ballmer, S. W.
- Bals, M.
- Balsamo, A.
- Baltus, G.
- Banagiri, S.
- Bankar, D.
- Bankar, R. S.
- Barayoga, J. C.
- Barbieri, C.
- Barish, B. C.
- Barker, D.
- Barneo, P.
- Barnum, S.
- Barone, F.
- Barr, B.
- Barsotti, L.
- Barsuglia, M.
- Barta, D.
- Bartlett, J.
- Barton, M. A.
- Bartos, I.
- Bassiri, R.
- Basti, A.
- Bawaj, M.
- Bayley, J. C.
- Baylor, A. C.
- Bazzan, M.
- Bécsy, B.
- Bedakihale, V. M.
- Bejger, M.
- Belahcene, I.
- Benedetto, V.
- Beniwal, D.
- Benjamin, M. G.
- Bennett, T. F.
- Bentley, J. D.
- BenYaala, M.
- Bergamin, F.
- Berger, B. K.
- Bernuzzi, S.
- Bersanetti, D.
- Bertolini, A.
- Betzwieser, J.
- Bhandare, R.
- Bhandari, A. V.
- Bhattacharjee, D.
- Bhaumik, S.
- Bidler, J.
- Bilenko, I. A.
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Billingsley, G.
- Birney, R.
- Birnholtz, O.
-
Biscans, S.
- Bischi, M.
- Biscoveanu, S.
- Bisht, A.
- Biswas, B.
- Bitossi, M.
-
Bizouard, M.-A.
-
Blackburn, J. K.
-
Blackman, J.
- Blair, C. D.
- Blair, D. G.
- Blair, R. M.
- Bobba, F.
- Bode, N.
- Boer, M.
- Bogaert, G.
- Boldrini, M.
- Bondu, F.
- Bonilla, E.
- Bonnand, R.
- Booker, P.
- Boom, B. A.
- Bork, R.
- Boschi, V.
- Bose, N.
- Bose, S.
- Bossilkov, V.
- Boudart, V.
- Bouffanais, Y.
- Bozzi, A.
- Bradaschia, C.
- Brady, P. R.
- Bramley, A.
- Branch, A.
- Branchesi, M.
- Breschi, M.
- Briant, T.
- Briggs, J. H.
- Brillet, A.
- Brinkmann, M.
- Brockill, P.
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Brooks, A. F.
- Brooks, J.
- Brown, D. D.
- Brunett, S.
- Bruno, G.
- Bruntz, R.
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- Bulik, T.
- Bulten, H. J.
- Buonanno, A.
- Buscicchio, R.
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- Cadonati, L.
- Caesar, M.
- Cagnoli, G.
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Cahillane, C.
- Cain, H. W., III
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Calderón Bustillo, J.
- Callaghan, J. D.
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- Calloni, E.
- Camp, J. B.
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- Cannavacciuolo, M.
- Cannon, K. C.
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- Cao, Z.
- Capocasa, E.
- Capote, E.
- Carapella, G.
- Carbognani, F.
- Carlin, J. B.
- Carney, M. F.
- Carpinelli, M.
- Carullo, G.
- Carver, T. L.
- Casanueva Diaz, J.
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- Castaldi, G.
- Caudill, S.
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- Chandra, K.
- Chanial, P.
- Chao, S.
- Charlton, P.
- Chase, E. A.
- Chassande-Mottin, E.
- Chatterjee, D.
- Chaturvedi, M.
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Chatziioannou, K.
- Chen, A.
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- Chen, K.
- Chen, X.
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Chen, Y.-B.
- Chen, Y.-R.
- Chen, Z.
- Cheng, H.
- Cheong, C. K.
- Cheung, H. Y.
- Chia, H. Y.
- Chiadini, F.
- Chiang, C-Y.
- Chierici, R.
- Chincarini, A.
- Chiofalo, M. L.
- Chiummo, A.
- Cho, G.
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- Choudhary, S.
- Christensen, N.
- Chu, H.
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- Chu, Y-K.
- Chua, S.
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- Cieślar, M.
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- Ciolfi, R.
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- Compton, C. M.
- Constancio, M., Jr.
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Coyne, D. C.
- Coyne, R.
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- Creighton, T. D.
- Criswell, A. W.
- Croquette, M.
- Crowder, S. G.
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- Cumming, A.
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- Curyło, M.
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- Dana, A.
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Davis, D.
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De Laurentis, M.
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De Lillo, N.
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Del Pozzo, W.
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DeMarchi, L. M.
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De Matteis, F.
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De Rosa, R.
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Giesler, M.
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- Espinoza, C. M.
- Guillot, S.
- LIGO Scientific Collaboration
- Virgo Collaboration
- KAGRA Collaboration
Abstract
We present a search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537−6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537−6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and exhibits fRequent and strong glitches. Analyses of its long-term and interglitch braking indices provide intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62 Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the most sensitive band of the LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations, we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency from PSR J0537−6910. We find no signal, however, and report upper limits. Assuming a rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more than a factor of 2 and limit gravitational waves from the l = m = 2 mode to account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial equatorial ellipticity is constrained to less than about 3 ×10⁻⁵, which is the third best constraint for any young pulsar.
Additional Information
© 2021. The American Astronomical Society. Received 2020 December 24; revised 2021 April 27; accepted 2021 May 1; published 2021 May 31. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, the Department of Science and Technology, India, the Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación, the Vicepresidència i Conselleria d'Innovació Recerca i Turisme and the Conselleria d'Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears, the Conselleria d'Innovació Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana and the CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain, the National Science Centre of Poland, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Russian Science Foundation, the European Commission, the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF), the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the French Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Actions de Recherche Concertéees (ARC) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO), Belgium, the Paris Île-de-France Region, the National Research, Development and Innovation Office Hungary (NKFIH), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations, and Communications, the International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the Leverhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, INFN, and CNRS for provision of computational resources. This work was supported by MEXT, JSPS Leading-edge Research Infrastructure Program, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 26000005, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2905: JP17H06358, JP17H06361, and JP17H06364, JSPS Core-to-Core Program A. Advanced Research Networks, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06133, the joint research program of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, National Research Foundation (NRF), and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, Academia Sinica (AS), AS Grid Center (ASGC) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan under grants including AS-CDA-105-M06, Advanced Technology Center (ATC) of NAOJ, and Mechanical Engineering Center of KEK. We thank all essential workers who put their health at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic, without whom we would not have been able to complete this work. D.An. acknowledges support from an EPSRC fellowship (EP/T017325/1). C.M.E. acknowledges support from FONDECYT/Regular 1171421 and USA1899-Vridei 041931SSSA-PAP (Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH). W.C.G.H. acknowledges support through grants 80NSSC19K1444 and 80NSSC21K0091 from NASA. This work is supported by NASA through the NICER mission and the Astrophysics Explorers Program and uses data and software provided by the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), which is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at NASA/GSFC and High Energy Astrophysics Division of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Facility: NICER. -Attached Files
Published - Abbott_2021_ApJL_913_L27.pdf
Submitted - 2012.12926.pdf
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Additional details
- Eprint ID
- 107506
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20210115-074044323
- NSF
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- Max-Planck-Society (MPS)
- State of Niedersachsen/Germany
- Australian Research Council
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)
- Department of Science and Technology (India)
- Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)
- Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Vicepresidència i Conselleria d'Innovació, Recerca i Turisme
- Conselleria d'Educació i Universitat del Govern de les Illes Balears
- Conselleria d'Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital de la Generalitat Valenciana
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- National Science Centre (Poland)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research
- Russian Science Foundation
- European Commission
- European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)
- Royal Society
- Scottish Funding Council
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance
- Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)
- Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO)
- Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)
- Actions de Recherche Concertees (Communauté Française de Belgique)
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO)
- Paris Île-de-France Region
- National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NKFIA)
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Industry Canada
- Province of Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
- Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC)
- International Center for Theoretical Physics South American Institute for Fundamental Research (ICTP-SAIFR)
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Leverhulme Trust
- Research Corporation
- Kavli Foundation
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 26000005
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP17H06358
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP17H06361
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP17H06364
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 17H06133
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research
- University of Tokyo
- Academia Sinica
- AS Grid Center (ASGC)
- Ministry of Science and Technology (Taipei)
- AS-CDA-105-M06
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
- EP/T017325/1
- Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT)
- 1171421
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- USA1899-Vridei 041931SSSA-PAP
- NASA
- 80NSSC19K1444
- NASA
- 80NSSC21K0091
- Created
-
2021-01-15Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
-
2023-04-28Created from EPrint's last_modified field
- Caltech groups
- LIGO, TAPIR, Astronomy Department
- Other Numbering System Name
- LIGO Document
- Other Numbering System Identifier
- P2000407