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Published December 24, 2020 | Published
Journal Article Open

Influence of Wake Model Superposition and Secondary Steering on Model-Based Wake Steering Control with SCADA Data Assimilation

Abstract

Methods for wind farm power optimization through the use of wake steering often rely on engineering wake models due to the computational complexity associated with resolving wind farm dynamics numerically. Within the transient, turbulent atmospheric boundary layer, closed-loop control is required to dynamically adjust to evolving wind conditions, wherein the optimal wake model parameters are estimated as a function of time in a hybrid physics- and data-driven approach using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. Analytic wake models rely on wake velocity deficit superposition methods to generalize the individual wake deficit to collective wind farm flow. In this study, the impact of the wake model superposition methodologies on closed-loop control are tested in large eddy simulations of the conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layer with full Coriolis effects. A model for the non-vanishing lateral velocity trailing a yaw misaligned turbine, termed secondary steering, is also presented, validated, and tested in the closed-loop control framework. Modified linear and momentum conserving wake superposition methodologies increase the power production in closed-loop wake steering control statistically significantly more than linear superposition. While the secondary steering model increases the power production and reduces the predictive error associated with the wake model, the impact is not statistically significant. Modified linear and momentum conserving superposition using the proposed secondary steering model increase a six turbine array power production, compared to baseline control, in large eddy simulations by 7.5% and 7.7%, respectively, with wake model predictive mean absolute errors of 0.03P₁ and 0.04P₁, respectively, where P₁ is the baseline power production of the leading turbine in the array. Ensemble Kalman filter parameter estimation significantly reduces the wake model predictive error for all wake deficit superposition and secondary steering cases compared to predefined model parameters.

Additional Information

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the CreativeCommonsAttribution (CC-BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Received: 30 October 2020 / Revised: 4 December 2020 / Accepted: 7 December 2020 / Published: 24 December 2020. The authors would like to thank Aditya Ghate and Sanjiva Lele for assistance with PadéOps and productive discussions and feedback on the work. All simulations were performed on the Stampede2 supercomputer under the XSEDE project ATM170028. M.F.H. is funded through a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1656518 and a Stanford Graduate Fellowship. Author Contributions: M.F.H. conceived of the work, conducted the research and analysis, and wrote the manuscript. J.O.D. provided feedback on the work and contributed to the manuscript edits. All authors read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Created:
August 22, 2023
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October 23, 2023