Euclid preparation. VII. Forecast validation for Euclid cosmological probes

Creators: Blanchard, A.; Camera, S.; Carbone, C.; Cardone, V. F.; Casas, S.; Clesse, S.; Ilić, S.; Kilbinger, M.; Kitching, T.; Kunz, M.; Lacasa, F.; Linder, E.; Majerotto, E.; Markovič, K.; Martinelli, M.; Pettorino, V.; Pourtsidou, A.; Sakr, Z.; Sánchez, A. G.; Sapone, D.; Tutusaus, I.; Yahia-Cherif, S.; Yankelevich, V.; Andreon, S.; Aussel, H.; Balaguera-Antolínez, A.; Baldi, M.; Bardelli, S.; Bender, R.; Biviano, A.; Bonino, D.; Boucaud, A.; Bozzo, E.; Branchini, E.; Brau-Nogue, S.; Brescia, M.; Brinchmann, J.; Burigana, C.; Cabanac, R.; Capobianco, V.; Cappi, A.; Carretero, J.; Carvalho, C. S.; Casas, R.; Castander, F. J.; Castellano, M.; Cavuoti, S.; Cimatti, A.; Cledassou, R.; Colodro-Conde, C.; Congedo, G.; Conselice, C. J.; Conversi, L.; Copin, Y.; Corcione, L.; Coupon, J.; Courtois, H. M.; Cropper, M.; Da Silva, A.; de la Torre, S.; Di Ferdinando, D.; Dubath, F.; Ducret, F.; Duncan, C. A. J.; Dupac, X.; Dusini, S.; Fabbian, G.; Fabricius, M.; Farrens, S.; Fosalba, P.; Fotopoulou, S.; Fourmanoit, N.; Frailis, M.; Franceschi, E.; Franzetti, P.; Fumana, M.; Galeotta, S.; Gillard, W.; Gillis, B.; Giocoli, C.; Gómez-Alvarez, P.; Graciá-Carpio, J.; Grupp, F.; Guzzo, L.; Hoekstra, H.; Hormuth, F.; Israel, H.; Jahnke, K.; Keihanen, E.; Kermiche, S.; Kirkpatrick, C. C.; Kohley, R.; Kubik, B.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Ligori, S.; Lilje, P. B.; Lloro, I.; Maino, D.; Maiorano, E.; Marggraf, O.; Martinet, N.; Marulli, F.; Massey, R.; Medinaceli, E.; Mei, S.; Mellier, Y.; Metcalf, B.; Metge, J. J.; Meylan, G.; Moresco, M.; Moscardini, L.; Munari, E.; Nichol, R. C.; Niemi, S.; Nucita, A. A.; Padilla, C.; Paltani, S.; Pasian, F.; Percival, W. J.; Pires, S.; Polenta, G.; Poncet, M.; Pozzetti, L.; Racca, G. D.; Raison, F.; Renzi, A.; Rhodes, J.; Romelli, E.; Roncarelli, M.; Rossetti, E.; Saglia, R.; Schneider, P.; Scottez, V.; Secroun, A.; Sirri, G.; Stanco, L.; Starck, J.-L.; Sureau, F.; Tallada-Crespí, P.; Tavagnacco, D.; Taylor, A. N.; Tenti, M.; Tereno, I.; Toledo-Moreo, R.; Torradeflot, F.; Valenziano, L.; Vassallo, T.; Verdoes Kleijn, G. A.; Viel, M.; Wang, Y.; Zacchei, A.; Zoubian, J.; Zucca, E.; Euclid Collaboration

Abstract

Aims. The Euclid space telescope will measure the shapes and redshifts of galaxies to reconstruct the expansion history of the Universe and the growth of cosmic structures. The estimation of the expected performance of the experiment, in terms of predicted constraints on cosmological parameters, has so far relied on various individual methodologies and numerical implementations, which were developed for different observational probes and for the combination thereof. In this paper we present validated forecasts, which combine both theoretical and observational ingredients for different cosmological probes. This work is presented to provide the community with reliable numerical codes and methods for Euclid cosmological forecasts. Methods. We describe in detail the methods adopted for Fisher matrix forecasts, which were applied to galaxy clustering, weak lensing, and the combination thereof. We estimated the required accuracy for Euclid forecasts and outline a methodology for their development. We then compare and improve different numerical implementations, reaching uncertainties on the errors of cosmological parameters that are less than the required precision in all cases. Furthermore, we provide details on the validated implementations, some of which are made publicly available, in different programming languages, together with a reference training-set of input and output matrices for a set of specific models. These can be used by the reader to validate their own implementations if required. Results. We present new cosmological forecasts for Euclid. We find that results depend on the specific cosmological model and remaining freedom in each setting, for example flat or non-flat spatial cosmologies, or different cuts at non-linear scales. The numerical implementations are now reliable for these settings. We present the results for an optimistic and a pessimistic choice for these types of settings. We demonstrate that the impact of cross-correlations is particularly relevant for models beyond a cosmological constant and may allow us to increase the dark energy figure of merit by at least a factor of three.

Additional Information

© Euclid Collaboration 2020. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 2 April 2020 / Accepted 15 July 2020. Authors' contributions: All authors have significantly contributed to this publication and/or made multi-year essential contributions to the Euclid project which made this work possible. The paper-specific main contributions of the lead authors are as follows: Coordinators and corresponding contacts: Thomas Kitching, Valeria Pettorino, Ariel Sánchez. Galaxy Clustering Task: Ariel G. Sánchez, Domenico Sapone, Carmelita Carbone, Santiago Casas, Katarina Markovic, Alkistis Pourtsidou, Safir Yahia-Cherif, Elisabetta Majerotto, Victoria Yankelevich. Weak Lensing Task: Vincenzo F. Cardone, Santiago Casas, Stefano Camera, Matteo Martinelli, Isaac Tutusaus, Thomas Kitching, Martin Kilbinger. Cross-correlations Task: Matteo Martinelli, Isaac Tutusaus, Alain Blanchard, Martin Kunz, Fabien Lacasa, Vincenzo F. Cardone, Sebastien Clesse, Stéphane Ilić, Martin Kilbinger, Marco Raveri, Ziad Sakr. Cosmological context: Valeria Pettorino, Eric Linder, Martin Kunz, Matteo Martinelli, Martin Kilbinger, Alkistis Pourtsidou, Ariel G. Sánchez, Thomas Kitching, Carmelita Carbone, Ziad Sakr. Paper editing: Valeria Pettorino, Ariel G. Sánchez, Thomas Kitching, Domenico Sapone, Matteo Martinelli, Santiago Casas, Katarina Markovic, Isaac Tutusaus, Stefano Camera, Alkistis Pourtsidou, Vincenzo Cardone, Ziad Sakr. We acknowledge support of a number of agencies and institutes that have supported the development of Euclid. A detailed complete list is available on the Euclid web site (http://www.euclid-ec.org). In particular the Academy of Finland, the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, the Belgian Science Policy, the Canadian Euclid Consortium, the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- and Raumfahrt, the Danish Space Research Institute, the Fundação para a Ciênca e a Tecnologia, the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Netherlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie, the Norvegian Space Center, the Romanian Space Agency, the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) at the Swiss Space Office (SSO), and the United Kingdom Space Agency. Stefano Camera is supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) through Rita Levi Montalcini project "PROMETHEUS – Probing and Relating Observables with Multi-wavelength Experiments To Help Enlightening the Universe's Structure", and by the "Departments of Excellence 2018–2022" Grant awarded by MIUR (L. 232/2016). Carmelita Carbone acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council through the Darklight Advanced Research Grant (n. 291521), and from the MIUR PRIN 2015 "Cosmology and Fundamental Physics: illuminating the Dark Universe with Euclid". Santiago Casas and Safir Yahia-Cherif acknowledge support from french space agency CNES. Sebastien Clesse aknowledges support from the Belgian Fund for Research F.R.S-FNRS. Martin Kunz and Fabien Lacasa acknowledge financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation. Eric Linder acknowledges support by NASA ROSES grant 12-EUCLID12-0004. Katarina Markovic carried out some of the work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004), and acknowledges support from the UK Science & Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/N000668/1, and from the UK Space Agency through grant ST/N00180X/1. Matteo Martinelli acknowledges support from the D-ITP consortium, a program of the NWO that is funded by the OCW. Alkistis Pourtsidou is a UK Research and Innovation Future Leaders Fellow and also acknowledges support from the UK Science & Technology Facilities Council through grant ST/S000437/1. Domenico Sapone acknowledges financial support from the Fondecyt Regular project number 1200171. Isaac Tutusaus acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through grant ESP2017-89838-C3-1-R, and the H2020 programme of the European Commission through grant 776247. Victoria Yankelevich acknowledges financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Transregio 33 "The Dark Universe", the International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne and the Bonn-Cologne Graduate School for Physics and Astronomy. Thomas D. Kitching acknowledges support from a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. Stéphane Ilić acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC Grant Agreement No. 617656 "Theories and Models of the Dark Sector: Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Gravity." Elisabetta Majerotto acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation.

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