A super-Earth and a sub-Neptune orbiting the bright, quiet M3 dwarf TOI-1266

Abstract

We report the discovery and characterisation of a super-Earth and a sub-Neptune transiting the bright (K = 8.8), quiet, and nearby (37 pc) M3V dwarf TOI-1266. We validate the planetary nature of TOI-1266 b and c using four sectors of TESS photometry and data from the newly-commissioned 1-m SAINT-EX telescope located in San Pedro Mártir (México). We also include additional ground-based follow-up photometry as well as high-resolution spectroscopy and high-angular imaging observations. The inner, larger planet has a radius of R = 2.37_(−0.12)^(+0.16) R_⊕ and an orbital period of 10.9 days. The outer, smaller planet has a radius of R = 1.56_(−0.13)^(+0.15) R_⊕ on an 18.8-day orbit. The data are found to be consistent with circular, co-planar and stable orbits that are weakly influenced by the 2:1 mean motion resonance. Our TTV analysis of the combined dataset enables model-independent constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the planets. We find planetary masses of M_p = 13.5_(−9.0)^(+11.0) M_⊕ (<36.8 M_⊕ at 2-σ) for TOI-1266 b and 2.2_(−1.5)^(+2.0) M_⊕ (<5.7 M_⊕ at 2-σ) for TOI-1266 c. We find small but non-zero orbital eccentricities of 0.09_(−0.05)^(+0.06) (<0.21 at 2-σ) for TOI-1266 b and 0.04 ± 0.03 (< 0.10 at 2-σ) for TOI-1266 c. The equilibrium temperatures of both planets are of 413 ± 20 and 344 ± 16 K, respectively, assuming a null Bond albedo and uniform heat redistribution from the day-side to the night-side hemisphere. The host brightness and negligible activity combined with the planetary system architecture and favourable planet-to-star radii ratios makes TOI-1266 an exquisite system for a detailed characterisation.

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