3D-Printed Flow Cells for Aptamer-Based Impedimetric Detection of E. coli Crooks Strain
Abstract
Electrochemical spectroscopy enables rapid, sensitive, and label-free analyte detection without the need of extensive and laborious labeling procedures and sample preparation. In addition, with the emergence of commercially available screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), a valuable, disposable alternative to costly bulk electrodes for electrochemical (bio-)sensor applications was established in recent years. However, applications with bare SPEs are limited and many applications demand additional/supporting structures or flow cells. Here, high-resolution 3D printing technology presents an ideal tool for the rapid and flexible fabrication of tailor-made, experiment-specific systems. In this work, flow cells for SPE-based electrochemical (bio-)sensor applications were designed and 3D printed. The successful implementation was demonstrated in an aptamer-based impedimetric biosensor approach for the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) Crooks strain as a proof of concept. Moreover, further developments towards a 3D-printed microfluidic flow cell with an integrated micromixer also illustrate the great potential of high-resolution 3D printing technology to enable homogeneous mixing of reagents or sample solutions in (bio-)sensor applications.
Additional Information
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Received: 29 June 2020; Revised: 3 August 2020; Accepted: 5 August 2020; Published: 7 August 2020. The authors would like to thank the Graduate Academy of the Leibniz University of Hannover for supporting the collaboration and work with the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, USA. This research was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant Number OPP1111252) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) via the Emmy Noether program (project ID 346772917). The publication of this article was funded by the Open Access fund of Leibniz Universität Hannover. Author Contributions: I.G.S. and K.U. designed and conceptualized the experiments. I.G.S. conducted the experimental work. I.G.S. and J.-A.P. drafted, wrote, and revised the manuscript. J.-A.P. helped profoundly with advice and consultation and provided microfluidic flow cell design. K.U., M.R.H., T.S., and J.B. supervised the work, revised the manuscript, and provided helpful ideas for the present work. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. The authors declare no conflict of interest.Attached Files
Published - sensors-20-04421-v2.pdf
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Additional details
- PMCID
- PMC7472219
- Eprint ID
- 104890
- DOI
- 10.3390/s20164421
- Resolver ID
- CaltechAUTHORS:20200810-140226404
- OPP1111252
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- 346772917
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Created
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2020-08-10Created from EPrint's datestamp field
- Updated
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2021-11-16Created from EPrint's last_modified field